JUVENILE AND ADOLESCENT CHIMPANZEE BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT IN COMPLEX GROUPS
JUVENILE AND ADOLESCENT CHIMPANZEE BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT IN COMPLEX GROUPS
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-1591(94)90017-5
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
ALFORD, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLOOMSMITH, MA;PAZOL, KA;ALFORD, PL
到目前为止，很少有机会研究圈养幼年黑猩猩(泛轮猩猩)在物种适宜的群体中的行为发育。这项研究记录了21只(13只雌性，8只雄性)圈养黑猩猩的社会发育，这些黑猩猩出生在复杂的繁育群体中，并一直呆在这个出生环境中，直到性成熟。年轻男性的性行为水平最高，而所有年龄段的女性的性行为水平始终低于男性。年龄较大的男性表现出最强的攻击性，女性的攻击性水平也一直低于男性。男性和女性的屈服都随着年龄的增长而增加。男性比女性表现出更高的从属程度，但这种差异在年龄较大的人中才略有不同。随着所有受试者的成熟，他们表现出更高的打扮水平和更低的串联行走/拥抱水平。所有受试者的社交游戏和独处游戏都随着年龄的增长而下降；男性在所有年龄段都比女性表现出更高的社交游戏水平。对于攻击性、社交和孤独游戏、串联行走/拥抱和梳理，上述结果证实了对野生黑猩猩和圈养黑猩猩的研究结果。在性行为和顺从方面，这些结果与对自由放养的黑猩猩的研究结果最为相似。当前研究对象的行为与自由放养的黑猩猩的行为相似，可能反映了与先前文献中研究的环境相比，为促进圈养黑猩猩物种典型社会发展而研究的饲养环境具有更大的能力。
To date there have been few opportunities to study the behavioral development of captive juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in species-appropriate groups. This study documents the social development of 21 (13 female, eight male) captive chimpanzees who were born into complex breeding groups and remained in this natal setting until sexual maturity. Young males displayed the highest levels of sexual behavior, whereas females of all ages showed consistently lower levels than males. Older males showed the most aggression, with females again displaying consistently lower levels than males. Submission increased with age for both males and females. Males showed higher levels of affiliation than did females, but this difference was only slight at older ages. As all subjects matured they showed higher levels of grooming and lower levels of tandem walk/embrace. Social and solitary play declined over age for all subjects; males showed higher levels of social play than females at all ages. For aggression, social and solitary play, tandem walk/embrace, and grooming, the above results corroborate published findings from both studies of wild and captive chimpanzees. For sexual behavior and submission, these results most closely resemble those from studies on free-ranging chimpanzees. The behavioral similarity of the subjects of the current study to free-ranging chimpanzees may reflect the greater capacity of the rearing environment examined to promote species-typical social development in captive chimpanzees as compared with environments which have been previously examined in the literature.