A REPORT ON PALEOLITHIC RECONNAISSANCE IN NINGXIA, NORTH CHINA
A REPORT ON PALEOLITHIC RECONNAISSANCE IN NINGXIA, NORTH CHINA
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
Xing Gao;Shuwen Pei;Huiming Wang;Kan Zhong
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作者：
Xing Gao;Shuwen Pei;Huiming Wang;Kan Zhong
本文介绍了中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所和宁夏省考古研究所于2002年和2003年在宁夏回族自治区进行的一系列旧石器普查的结果。在30多个地点采集到石器和哺乳动物化石，其中19件具有明确的地层学和考古学价值，分布在灵武水洞沟、石家窑、张家窑和彭阳县岭窑。在300多件藏品中，大部分是普通的削芯、薄片和修图，沿着少量细石器。这些石制品大多数都很小，有些与水洞沟工业有着密切的联系。根据地层观察，这些新发现的遗址至少代表了三个考古时期：1）前水洞沟层; 2）水洞沟层，以存在刀片和Levallois类技术为特征; 3）微刀片层。目前，这些文化阶段之间的技术发展关系尚不清楚。该普查成果是宁夏地区旧石器时代考古研究和水洞沟工业园区研究的重大突破。半个多世纪以来，水洞沟遗址一直是这片广袤地域中唯一的旧石器遗址，而所谓典型的水洞沟器物，即刀片、勒瓦卢瓦式的石核、石片和修片，也只是在水洞沟遗址的一个有限的区域（即水洞沟遗址）出土。1）。此次勘察表明，至少在晚更新世，古人类的足迹在该地区的范围要大得多，水洞沟遗址不是一个单一的遗址，而是一个大面积的多个类似遗址的复合体，这表明具有“水洞沟技术”的人类占据的面积要大得多，其生存和适应能力超出了我们以前的想象。这一普查为追溯该地区更新世人类的迁移和适应以及水洞沟工业的起源和发展提供了有价值的线索。
This report presents the result of a series of Paleolithic reconnaissance conducted in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in North China by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(Chinese Academy of Sciences)and the Ningxia Provincial Institute of Archeology in 2002 and 2003. From more than 30 sites lithic artifacts and mammalian fossils were collected and 19 of them were confirmed with clear stratigraphy and archaeological values, distributed in Shuidonggou, Shijiayao and Zhangjiayao in the Lingwu District and Linger in Pengyang County. The majority of the more than 300 pieces of collected stone artifacts are ordinary chipped cores, flakes and retouched ones, along with a few microlithic pieces. Most of the stone artifacts are small and some exhibit close tie with the Shuidonggou industry. Based on stratigraphic observations, these newly discovered sites represent at least three archaeological periods: 1)pre-Shuidonggou horizon; 2)the Shuidonggou horizon, characterized in the presence of blade and Levallois-like technology, and 3)the microblade horizon. At present, technological developmental relationship among these cultural stages remains unclear. The result of the reconnaissance is a significant breakthrough in Paleolithic archaeological investigations in the Ningxia Region and for the research on the Shuidonggou techno-complex. For more than half a century the Shuidonggou site has been the only Paleolithic site in the vast region and the so-called typical Shuidonggou artifacts, namely blades and Levallois-style cores, flakes and retouched pieces, have been unearthed only from a limited area at the Shuidonggou site(i.e. Shuidonggou Loc. 1). The reconnaissance makes it clear that ancient humans put their footsteps in a much larger territory in the region, at least during the Upper Pleistocene, and the Shuidonggou site is not a single site but instead a complex of many similar sites in a big area, indicating that human beings with the "Shuidonggou technology" occupied a much larger area, and their survival and adaptive capabilities are beyond what we have believed before. The reconnaissance provided valuable clues for tracing the migration and adaptation of Pleistocene humans in the region and the origin and development of the Shuidonggou industry.