Comparison of effects of air pollution on children between urban and rural area in west Bengal, India
Comparison of effects of air pollution on children between urban and rural area in west Bengal, India
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印度西孟加拉邦城乡空气污染对儿童影响比较
DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.164
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Suzuki K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Umemura T;Terasaki H;Onishi K;Matsumi Y;Ueda K;Suzuki K
背景空气污染在印度是一个严重的问题。根据世界银行2015年的数据，印度约有6.6亿人被归类为贫困人口（人均每天3.20美元），占总人口的50.4%。尽管数量和比例很大，但对穷人的影响尚未得到很好的研究。我们测量了空气污染对印度西孟加拉贫困儿童的影响，并对城市和农村地区进行了比较。方法招募了城市地区（加尔各答）的24名男学生（12.5 ± 0.8岁）和农村地区（Jata）的20名男学生（12.5 ± 0.5岁）。我们测量呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）分数，这是气道炎症的指标，并检查过敏症状。该调查于2019年1月（旱季）和8月（雨季）进行，以确认季节差异。结果2018年12月至2019年1月的2个月平均空气质量指数为335（加尔各答）和155（哈尔迪亚：靠近贾塔），而2019年7月至8月的2个月平均空气质量指数为51（加尔各答）和38（哈尔迪亚）。对于旱季的FeNO，Kolkata的值为24.9 ± 16.1，Jata的值为11.7 ± 3.5。至于雨季的FeNO，Kolkata的值为22.3 ± 17.5，Jata的值为16.8 ± 6.7。加尔各答的FeNO值在任何一个季节都高于Jata。虽然在加尔各答没有检测到季节性差异，在旱季的值低于雨季在Jata。在加尔各答，旱季过敏症状的患病率高于雨季。另一方面，有没有差异，在Jata.ConclusionsEven虽然空气质量指数和过敏症状的患病率下降，FeNO的值并没有减少在加尔各答之间的患病率。由于空气质量指数下降，室内空气污染可能对气道产生影响。城市儿童的呼吸道可能比农村儿童更容易受到空气污染的影响。室内空气污染可能比室外空气污染对穷人儿童的影响更大。
BackgroundAir pollution is a serious problem in India. According to World Bank's data in 2015, about 660 million people were categorized as poor (US$3.20 per day per capita) in India and the proportion to total the population was 50.4 %. Even though the number and proportion are large, the effects on the poor people have not been studied very well. We measured the effects of air pollution on children of the poor and compared between urban and rural area in West Bengal, India.Methods24 male students (12.5 ± 0.8 years) in urban area (Kolkata) and 20 male students (12.5 ± 0.5 years) in rural area (Jata) were recruited. We measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), which was index of airway inflammation and checked allergic symptoms. The survey was conducted in January (dry season) and August (rainy season) 2019 to confirm a seasonal difference. Air quality index (AQI) in each area was used for index of air pollution.ResultsAverage AQI was 335 (Kolkata) and 155 (Haldia: near Jata) for 2 months from December 2018 to January 2019, while average AQI was 51 (Kolkata) and 38 (Haldia) for 2 months from July to August 2019. As for FeNO in dry season, the value in Kolkata was 24.9 ± 16.1 and the value in Jata was 11.7 ± 3.5. As for FeNO in rainy season, the value in Kolkata was 22.3 ± 17.5 and the value in Jata was 16.8 ± 6.7. The value of FeNO in Kolkata was higher than Jata in either season. Although a seasonal difference was not detected in Kolkata, the value in dry season was lower than in rainy season in Jata. The prevalence of allergic symptoms in dry season was higher than in rainy season in Kolkata. On the other hand, there was no difference in the prevalence between dry and rainy season in Jata.ConclusionsEven though AQI and the prevalence of allergic symptoms decreased, the value of FeNO did not decrease in Kolkata. Because AQI decreased, indoor air pollution might have influenced on airway. It is supposed that prevention of indoor air pollution is important.Key messagesAirway of children in urban area may be influenced on by air pollution more than in rural area.Indoor air pollution may influence on children of the poor more than outdoor air pollution.