Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/mco.0b013e3283547157
复制
发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Crawford PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schugar RC;Crawford PA
肥胖相关的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)非常普遍，减肥是通常推荐的临床治疗方法。低碳水化合物生酮饮食在促进减肥方面取得了成功，但对这些饮食的代谢反应范围的变化表明，改变常量营养素含量的影响尚未完全了解。本文主要介绍了低碳水化合物饮食与非酒精性脂肪肝在啮齿动物模型和人类中的关系的最新发现。低碳水化合物饮食被证明能促进体重减轻，降低肝脏内甘油三酯含量，并改善肥胖症患者的代谢参数。这些生酮饮食也能促使啮齿类动物减肥。然而，长期维持生酮饮食会刺激小鼠NAFLD的发展和全身性葡萄糖耐量减低。在人类和啮齿动物中，生酮饮食与全身性胰岛素抵抗之间的关系尚不清楚。由于低碳水化合物生酮饮食越来越多地用于治疗肥胖、NAFLD和癫痫等神经系统疾病，了解低碳水化合物饮食的长期全身影响对于开发有效和安全的饮食干预措施至关重要。
Obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent, for which weight loss is the generally recommended clinical management. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been successful in promoting weight loss, but variations in the range of metabolic responses to these diets indicate that the effects of altering macronutrient content are not completely understood. This review focuses on the most recent findings that reveal the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and NAFLD in rodent models and humans. Low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to promote weight loss, decrease intrahepatic triglyceride content, and improve metabolic parameters of patients with obesity. These ketogenic diets also provoke weight loss in rodents. However, long-term maintenance on a ketogenic diet stimulates the development of NAFLD and systemic glucose intolerance in mice. The relationship between ketogenic diets and systemic insulin resistance in both humans and rodents remains to be elucidated. Because low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets are increasingly employed for treatment of obesity, NAFLD, and neurological diseases such as epilepsy, understanding the long-term systemic effects of low-carbohydrate diets is crucial to the development of efficacious and safe dietary interventions.