The Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS): A low-cost, portable system for standardized empirical assessments of coral thermal limits
The Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS): A low-cost, portable system for standardized empirical assessments of coral thermal limits
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DOI：
10.1002/lom3.10555
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发表时间：
2023-05-27
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Barshis, Daniel. J. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evensen, Nicolas. R. R.;Parker, Katherine. E. E.;Barshis, Daniel. J. J.
海洋变暖正在日益影响地球仪的海洋生态系统。造礁珊瑚尤其受到气候变暖的影响，大规模白化事件越来越频繁，导致珊瑚广泛死亡。然而，一些珊瑚可以比其他珊瑚更好地抵抗或恢复漂白。这种热复原力的变化可能对珊瑚礁的持久性至关重要;然而，科学界缺乏标准化的诊断方法，无法在白化事件发生之前快速和比较地评估珊瑚的热脆弱性。我们提出的珊瑚漂白自动应力系统（CBASS）作为一个低成本，开源，现场便携式实验系统，使用标准化的温度应力配置文件和诊断珊瑚热阈值的快速经验评估。CBASS由四个或八个流通式实验水族馆组成，这些水族馆具有独立的水体，照明和独立的自动温度控制，能够提供定制的调节热曲线。CBASS用于进行每日热强制降解暴露，通常包括3小时温度梯度升高至多个目标温度，3小时目标温度保持期，1小时温度梯度降低至环境温度，然后是过夜恢复期。这模拟了在珊瑚礁中观察到的浅水温度分布，并提示快速的急性热应激反应，可以作为诊断工具，以确定公认的耐热珊瑚，以深入评估适应机制，有针对性的保护，并可能用于恢复工作。CBASS可在数小时内部署，每天可以分析多达40个珊瑚碎片/水族馆，使用标准化的实验框架，能够高通量，快速确定单个基因型，种群，物种和站点的热阈值。
Ocean warming is increasingly affecting marine ecosystems across the globe. Reef-building corals are particularly affected by warming, with mass bleaching events increasing in frequency and leading to widespread coral mortality. Yet, some corals can resist or recover from bleaching better than others. Such variability in thermal resilience could be critical to reef persistence; however, the scientific community lacks standardized diagnostic approaches to rapidly and comparatively assess coral thermal vulnerability prior to bleaching events. We present the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) as a low-cost, open-source, field-portable experimental system for rapid empirical assessment of coral thermal thresholds using standardized temperature stress profiles and diagnostics. The CBASS consists of four or eight flow-through experimental aquaria with independent water masses, lighting, and individual automated temperature controls capable of delivering custom modulating thermal profiles. The CBASS is used to conduct daily thermal stress exposures that typically include 3-h temperature ramps to multiple target temperatures, a 3-h hold period at the target temperatures, and a 1-h ramp back down to ambient temperature, followed by an overnight recovery period. This mimics shallow water temperature profiles observed in coral reefs and prompts a rapid acute heat stress response that can serve as a diagnostic tool to identify putative thermotolerant corals for in-depth assessments of adaptation mechanisms, targeted conservation, and possible use in restoration efforts. The CBASS is deployable within hours and can assay up to 40 coral fragments/aquaria/day, enabling high-throughput, rapid determination of thermal thresholds for individual genotypes, populations, species, and sites using a standardized experimental framework.