An analysis of diversity in the cognitive performance of elderly community dwellers: Individual differences in change scores as a function of age
An analysis of diversity in the cognitive performance of elderly community dwellers: Individual differences in change scores as a function of age
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对社区老年人认知能力多样性的分析： 个体差异随年龄的变化而变化
DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.14.3.365
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rodgers, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christensen, H;Mackinnon, AJ;Rodgers, B
这项纵向研究对 426 名老年社区居民进行了 3.5 年的跟踪调查，调查了年龄是否与 4 个能力领域的个体间变异性增加相关。记忆力、空间功能和速度的变化分数的个体间变异性随着年龄的增长而增加，但整个样本和排除痴呆或可能的痴呆病例的子样本的结晶智力则不然。分层回归分析表明，女性、肌肉力量较弱、疾病症状较多和抑郁程度较高与认知评分总体变异性较大相关。受教育程度越高，变异性就越小。这些发现与这样的观点是一致的：老年时的反应范围更大，某些智力领域比其他领域更不易受到变化的影响，并且年龄以外的变量会影响晚年的认知表现。
This longitudinal study investigated whether age is associated with increases in interindividual variability across 4 ability domains using a sample of 426 elderly community dwellers followed over 3.5 years. Interindividual variability in change scores increased with age for memory, spatial functioning, and speed but not for crystallized intelligence for the full sample and in a subsample that excluded dementia or probable dementia cases. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that being female, having weaker muscle strength, and having greater symptoms of illness and greater depression were associated with overall greater variability in cognitive scores. Having a higher level of education was associated with reduced variability. These findings are consistent with the view that there is a greater range of responses at older ages, that certain domains of intelligence are less susceptible to variation than others and that variables other than age affect cognitive performance in later life.