Effects of age, age-related hearing loss, and contralateral cafeteria noise on the discrimination of small frequency changes: Psychoacoustic and electrophysiological measures
Effects of age, age-related hearing loss, and contralateral cafeteria noise on the discrimination of small frequency changes: Psychoacoustic and electrophysiological measures
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DOI：
10.1007/s10162-005-5029-6
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Probst, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bertoli, S;Smurzynski, J;Probst, R
该研究的目的是利用听觉事件相关电位（ERP）来检查受年龄影响的中枢听觉过程、与年龄相关的听力损失以及令人分心的自助餐厅噪音的表现。此外，还调查了 ERP 与歧视行为测量的关系。参与的受试者分为三组：听力正常的年轻受试者、同龄听力正常的老年受试者以及听力受损的老年受试者。 1000 Hz 纯音的心理声学频率辨别阈值是在安静且存在对侧自助餐厅噪音的情况下确定的。为了引出 ERP，在无人值守和有人值守的条件下呈现有噪声和无噪声的小频率对比。在有人值守的情况下，还获得了可检测性和反应时间的行为测量。噪音显着影响所有行为频率歧视的测量。除 N1 外，所有三个受试者组中标准波形和差异波形中的所有 ERP 成分的振幅均显着下降，潜伏期均以相同程度增加，这反驳了对对侧背景噪声的影响与年龄相关的特定敏感性。对于 NI 幅度，噪声的影响在三个受试者组中是不同的，年龄、听力损失和注意力之间存在复杂的相互作用。行为频率歧视不受年龄影响，但在听力损失的老年受试者中显着恶化。在电生理测试中，与年龄相关的变化发生在不同的水平上。对标准刺激的反应中最突出的发现是，年轻受试者在 P2 后出现持续的消极情绪（N2），而老年人则没有这种反应，这可能表明对不相关信息处理的抑制存在缺陷。在关注差异波形中，在老年人中观察到显着更大的 N2b 和更小的 P3b 幅度以及更长的 N2b 和 P3b 潜伏期，表明不同的处理策略。后期认知成分中与年龄相关的明显变化表明，尽管行为上保持着对困难对比的辨别，但在老年人中变得更加费力。
The aim of the study was to examine central auditory processes compromised by age, age-related hearing loss, and the presentation of a distracting cafeteria noise using auditory event-relatcd potentials (ERPs). In addition, the relation of ERPs to behavioral measures of discrimination was investigated. Three groups of subjects participated: young normal hearing, elderly subjects with normal hearing for their age, and elderly hearing-impaired subjects. Psychoacoustic frequency discrimination thresholds for a 1000-Hz pure tone were determined in quiet and in the presence of a contralateral cafeteria noise. To elicit ERPs, small frequency contrasts were presented with and without noise under unattended and attended conditions. In the attended condition, behavioral measures of d' detectability and reaction times were also obtained. Noise affected all measures of behavioral frequency discrimination significantly. Except N1, all ERP components in the standard and difference waveforms decreased significantly in amplitude and increased in latency to the same degree in all three subject groups, arguing against a specific age-related sensitivity to the effects of contralateral background noise. For NI amplitude, the effect of noise was different in the three subject groups, with a complex interaction of age, hearing loss, and attention. Behavioral frequency discrimination was not affected by age but deteriorated significantly in the elderly subjects with hearing loss. In the electrophysiological test, age-related changes occurred at various levels. The most prominent finding in the response to the standard stimuli was a sustained negativity (N2) following P2 in the young subjects that was absent in the elderly, possibly indicating a deficit in the inhibition of irrelevant information processing. In the attended difference waveform, significantly larger N2b and smaller P3b amplitudes and longer N2b and P3b latencies were observed in the elderly indicating different processing strategies. The pronounced age-related changes in the later cognitive components suggest that the discrimination of difficult contrasts, although behaviorally maintained, becomes more effortful in the elderly.