Learning to predict: exposure to temporal sequences facilitates prediction of future events.
Learning to predict: exposure to temporal sequences facilitates prediction of future events.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2013.10.017
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Kourtzi, Zoe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, Rosalind;Dexter, Matthew;Hardwicke, Tom E.;Goldstone, Aimee;Kourtzi, Zoe
暴露于时间序列可以改善对未来事件的预测。学习从时间序列进行预测可以推广到未经训练的刺激。学习预测对训练序列的全局结构很敏感。学习预测会受到注意力负荷增加的影响。以前的经验被认为有助于我们从杂乱的场景中提取空间和时间规律。然而，我们如何利用这些知识来预测未来的事件却知之甚少。在这里，我们测试暴露于时间序列是否有助于视觉识别即将到来的刺激。我们向观察者展示了一系列向左和向右定向的光栅，这些光栅被一个测试刺激打断。观察者被要求指出测试刺激的方向是否符合他们基于先前序列的期望。我们的研究结果表明，暴露于没有反馈的时间序列有助于我们预测即将到来的刺激。特别是，观察者的表现在暴露于结构化而非随机序列后有所改善。改善的表现持续时间较长，并且推广到未训练的刺激取向，而不是不同整体结构的序列，这表明观察者获得的是序列结构的知识，而不是序列的项目。此外，当观察者执行双重任务导致注意力负荷增加时，这种学习能力受到损害。这些发现表明，暴露于场景中的时间规律使我们能够积累有关其整体结构的知识并预测未来事件。
Exposure to temporal sequences improves prediction of future events. Learning to predict from temporal sequences generalizes to untrained stimuli. Learning to predict is sensitive to the global structure of the trained sequence. Learning to predict is compromised by increased attentional load. Previous experience is thought to facilitate our ability to extract spatial and temporal regularities from cluttered scenes. However, little is known about how we may use this knowledge to predict future events. Here we test whether exposure to temporal sequences facilitates the visual recognition of upcoming stimuli. We presented observers with a sequence of leftwards and rightwards oriented gratings that was interrupted by a test stimulus. Observers were asked to indicate whether the orientation of the test stimulus matched their expectation based on the preceding sequence. Our results demonstrate that exposure to temporal sequences without feedback facilitates our ability to predict an upcoming stimulus. In particular, observers’ performance improved following exposure to structured but not random sequences. Improved performance lasted for a prolonged period and generalized to untrained stimulus orientations rather than sequences of different global structure, suggesting that observers acquire knowledge of the sequence structure rather than its items. Further, this learning was compromised when observers performed a dual task resulting in increased attentional load. These findings suggest that exposure to temporal regularities in a scene allows us to accumulate knowledge about its global structure and predict future events.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Aslin RN;Newport EL
通讯作者：
Newport EL
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80149-x
发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
REBER, AS
通讯作者：
REBER, AS
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.232472899
发表时间：
2002-11-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fiser, J;Aslin, RN
通讯作者：
Aslin, RN
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pelli, DG
通讯作者：
Pelli, DG
影响因子：
3
作者：
Misyak, Jennifer B.;Christiansen, Morten H.;Tomblin, J. Bruce
通讯作者：
Tomblin, J. Bruce