Sorption of quaternary ammonium compounds to municipal sludge
Sorption of quaternary ammonium compounds to municipal sludge
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.029
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Pavlostathis, Spyros G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ismail, Zainab Z.;Tezel, Ulas;Pavlostathis, Spyros G.
在22 ℃下，研究了四种季铵化合物-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（C（16）TMA）、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（C（12）TMA）、十六烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵（C（16）BDMA）和十二烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵（C（12）BDMA）-对城市原生污泥、垃圾活化污泥、中温消化污泥和高温消化污泥的吸附行为.四种QAC对初沉污泥的批量吸附在4 h内达到平衡。在标称初始QAC浓度为300 mg/L和污泥挥发性固体浓度为1 g/L时，C（12）TMA、C（16）TMA、C（12）BDMA和C（16）BDMA的吸附程度分别为13、88、67和89%，且与QAC疏水性呈正相关，与其临界胶束浓度呈负相关。平衡分配数据由Freundlich等温模型描述。四种污泥的吸附能力非常相似。在二元QAC混合物中，具有相对高的吸附亲和力和相对高的水溶液浓度的QAC降低了具有低吸附亲和力的QAC的吸附。在pH为7时，约40%的污泥-C（12）TMA在10天内解吸，而不到5%的污泥-C（16）BDMA在10天内解吸。在pH 4-10范围内，pH对C（12）TMA的解吸程度的影响可以忽略不计，而将溶液pH提高到10时，C（16）BDMA的解吸率超过50%。鉴于美国约50%的城市生物固体是土地应用的，本研究的数据将有助于评估QAC的命运及其对人类和环境健康的潜在影响。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The sorptive behavior of four quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) - hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (C(16)TMA), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (C(12)TMA), hexadecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C(16)BDMA), and dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C(12)BDMA) - to municipal primary, waste activated, mesophilic digested, and thermophilic digested sludges was assessed at 22 C. Batch adsorption of all four separately tested QACs to primary sludge reached equilibrium within 4h. At a nominal, initial QAC concentration of 300 mg/L and a sludge volatile solids concentration of 1 g/L, the extent of adsorption was 13, 88, 67, and 89% for the C(12)TMA, C(16)TMA, C(12)BDMA, and C(16)BDMA, respectively, and correlated positively to the QAC hydrophobicity and negatively to their critical micelle concentration. Equilibrium partitioning data were described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of the four sludges was very similar. In binary QAC mixtures, QACs with relatively high adsorption affinity and at relatively high aqueous concentrations decreased the adsorption of QACs with a low adsorption affinity. At pH 7, about 40% of the sludge-C(12)TMA desorbed, whereas less than 5% of the sludge-C(16)BDMA desorbed in 10 days. The effect of pH was negligible on the desorption extent of C(12)TMA at a pH range 4-10 over 10 days, whereas increasing the solution pH to 10 resulted in more than 50% desorption of C(16)BDMA. Given the fact that approximately 50% of the municipal biosolids are land-applied in the US, the data of this study would help in the assessment of the fate of QACs and their potential effect on human and environmental health. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.