Correlation between endemism and local ecoclimatic stability documented by comparing Andean bird distributions and remotely sensed land surface data
Correlation between endemism and local ecoclimatic stability documented by comparing Andean bird distributions and remotely sensed land surface data
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00455.x
复制
发表时间：
1999-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Mertens, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fjeldså, J;Lambin, E;Mertens, B
利用789种安第斯鸟类的分布，研究了大尺度生物多样性格局与生态气候变率的关系；在15‘ × 15’网格单元中记录，并逐月计算归一化植被指数和亮度地表温度的年际差异，并重新采样到15'网格单元。沿着安第斯山脉东部的林木线，从北纬1度到南纬18度；物种丰富度没有纬度梯度的证据，但在个别细胞中有相当大的反映生境复杂性的局部变化。平均地方性（在一个给定的细胞中存在的所有物种的逆范围大小）显示出明显的峰值。地方性“峰值”和相邻“低点”的两两比较为地方性峰值与当地生态气候稳定性之间的联系提供了强有力的证据。造成这种相关性的最重要的单一因素可能是南极风影响的地形缓和。目前表现为热带地区南部偶尔的冬季结冰，这些风可能是更新世冰期植被变化的主要决定因素。这些相关性表明，大多数地方性物种是在这些影响缓和的地方幸存下来的全球气候变化时期的孑遗种群。这表明，这些地方通过保留残余种群，在区域物种库的补充中发挥了重要作用。这些稳定的地方也是安第斯文化的中心，人口密集。因此，目前关于保留人口稀少地区的养护战略需要辅以确保某些人口稠密地区可持续土地利用的行动。
Relationships between large-scale patterns of biodiversity and ecoclimatic variability were examined using distributions of 789 Andean birds; recorded in 15' x 15' grid cells, and interannual differences in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Brightness Surface Temperature, calculated month by month and resampled to 15' cells. Following the east Andean treeline from 1 degrees N to 18 degrees S; there is no evidence of a latitudinal gradient in species richness, but a considerable local variation reflecting the habitat complexity in individual cells. The mean endemism (inverse range-size for all species present in a given cell) shows well marked peaks. Pairwise comparisons of 'peaks' and adjacent 'lows' of endemism provide strong evidence for linking peaks of endemism with local ecoclimatic stability. The most important single factor responsible for this correlation could be orographic moderation of the impacts a south polar winds. Presently manifested as occasional winter freezes in the southern part of the tropical zone, these winds may have been a major determinant of vegetational changes during Pleistocene glacial periods. The correlations suggest that most endemics are relict populations which survived periods of global climatic change in places where these impacts were moderated. It is suggested that, by retaining relict populations, these places play a significant role in the recruitment to the regional species pool. The stable places were also centres of Andean cultures and have dense human populations. The current conservation strategy of reserving areas with few people therefore needs to be supplemented with actions to secure sustainable landuse in certain densely populated areas.