Zero-Hours Work in the United Kingdom
Zero-Hours Work in the United Kingdom
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英国的零时工作
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Prassl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abi Adams;J. Prassl
在这份报告中，我们提供了一个详细的研究零时工作在英国。第一节定义了零时工作，强调零时工作和其他临时工作安排之间的关键特征以及重叠，并与按需工作的历史实例和爱尔兰共和国“如果和何时”合同的当前经验进行了比较。第二节介绍了关于零时工人和雇主的普遍性和主要特点的最新数据，解释了这种工作安排的演变以及使通过官方劳动力市场统计数据衡量这一现象特别困难的技术问题。第三部分补充了经验证据，分析了零时工作对工人，雇主和社会的影响。我们的重点不仅限于那些在这种安排下工作的人的法律的状况，而且还包括社会保障权利问题，以及更广泛的影响，如商业灵活性、成本节约和生产力增长。正如第四部分所解释的那样，从2011年起，人们越来越意识到零时合同的增长，导致公众对这一现象的讨论显著增加，最终导致（有限的）立法干预。在分析历史和最近的立法回应之前，我们探讨了社会合作伙伴所采取的立场，并对议会对体育器材连锁店Sports Direct运营的仓库违反劳动标准的特别令人震惊的案例的回应进行了案例研究。最后，简短的结论部分转向一系列政策建议和更广泛的考虑，以期找到一种模式，可以保留零时工作安排的（部分）灵活性，但又不继续对联合王国劳动力市场的体面工作条件构成真实的威胁。
In this report, we provide a detailed study of zero-hours work in the United Kingdom. An initial section defines zero-hours work, emphasising key characteristics as well as overlaps between zero-hours work and other casual work arrangements, and draws parallels both with historic instances of on-demand work and current experiences of ‘if and when’ contracts in the Republic of Ireland. Section two presents the most recent available data on the prevalence and key characteristics of zero hours workers and employers, explaining the evolution of such work arrangements as well as the technical issues which make measuring the phenomenon through official labour market statistics particularly difficult. Section three complements the empirical evidence with an analysis of the effects of zero-hours work for workers, employers, and society more broadly. Our focus is not limited to the legal situation of those working under such arrangements, but also includes questions of social security entitlements, and wider implications such as business flexibility, cost savings, and productivity growth. As the fourth section explains, a growing awareness of the growth of zero-hours contracts from 2011 onwards brought about a marked increase in public discussion of the phenomenon, leading eventually to (limited) legislative intervention. We explore the positions taken by the social partners, before analysing historical as well as recent legislative responses, and setting out a case study of Parliament’s response to a particularly egregious instance of labour standards violations in warehouses operated by the sports equipment chain Sports Direct. A brief concluding section, finally, turns to a series of policy recommendations and broader considerations, with a view to finding a model in which (some of) the flexibility of zero-hours work arrangements might be preserved, without however continuing to pose a real threat to decent working conditions in the United Kingdom’s labour market.