The recognition heuristic: A decade of research
The recognition heuristic: A decade of research
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认知启发法：十年的研究
DOI：
10.1017/s1930297500002126
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Goldstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Gigerenzer;D. Goldstein
识别启发式利用认知的基本心理能力，对未知事物进行推理。在本文中，我们回顾并澄清了我们最初工作中出现的问题（Goldstein & Gigerenzer, 1999,2002），包括识别过程和评估过程之间的区别。现在有相当多的证据表明：(1)识别启发式预测相当一部分个体的推论是一致的，即使存在一个或多个相互矛盾的线索；(2)人们是适应性决策者，在识别效度较大时，一致性增加，在效度较低或完全不确定的情况下，一致性减少；(3)在存在相互矛盾的线索时，一些个体似乎选择了不同的策略。人们对这些个体差异知之甚少，也不知道如何精确地为替代策略建模。虽然一些研究者将与识别启发式不一致的判断归因于补偿加工，但对这种补偿模型的研究很少报道。我们讨论了识别模型的扩展，开放的问题，意想不到的结果，以及识别在预测中的惊人预测能力。
The recognition heuristic exploits the basic psychological capacity for recognition in order to make inferences about unknown quantities in the world. In this article, we review and clarify issues that emerged from our initial work (Goldstein & Gigerenzer, 1999, 2002), including the distinction between a recognition and an evaluation process. There is now considerable evidence that (i) the recognition heuristic predicts the inferences of a substantial proportion of individuals consistently, even in the presence of one or more contradicting cues, (ii) people are adaptive decision makers in that accordance increases with larger recognition validity and decreases in situations when the validity is low or wholly indeterminable, and (iii) in the presence of contradicting cues, some individuals appear to select different strategies. Little is known about these individual differences, or how to precisely model the alternative strategies. Although some researchers have attributed judgments inconsistent with the use of the recognition heuristic to compensatory processing, little research on such compensatory models has been reported. We discuss extensions of the recognition model, open questions, unanticipated results, and the surprising predictive power of recognition in forecasting.