Neural Repetition Suppression Modulates Time Perception: Evidence From Electrophysiology and Pupillometry
Neural Repetition Suppression Modulates Time Perception: Evidence From Electrophysiology and Pupillometry
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01705
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
van Rijn, Hedderik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kruijne, Wouter;Olivers, Christian N. L.;van Rijn, Hedderik
人类的时间感知是可塑的，并受到许多偏见。例如，已经多次表明，身体上强烈的刺激或意外的刺激似乎持续时间更长。有两种相互竞争的假说被提出来解释这种偏差：一种认为这些时间错觉是唤醒水平提高的结果，它加速了神经时钟的动态变化，而另一种“幅度编码”的说法是感觉反应的幅度因果地调节了感知的持续时间。用于研究时间偏差的常见实验范式不能在这些帐户之间分离，因为唤醒和感觉幅度协变和相互调节。在这里，我们提出了两个时间的歧视实验，两个闪烁的刺激划定的开始和结束的时间间隔。这些刺激可以在相同或不同的位置，这导致了不同的感觉反应，因为神经重复抑制。至关重要的是，变化和重复是完全可预测的，这使我们能够在不改变唤醒或惊喜的情况下探索感官反应幅度的影响。变化标记的间隔被认为比重复标记的持续时间更长。我们测量了EEG（实验1）和瞳孔大小（实验2），发现时间知觉与ERP（P2）和瞳孔收缩的变化有关，这两者都与感觉皮层的反应有关。相反，惊喜和觉醒（P3振幅和瞳孔扩张）的相关性不受刺激的重复和变化。这些结果表明，第一次，感官的大小影响时间知觉，即使在恒定水平的唤醒。
Human time perception is malleable and subject to many biases. For example, it has repeatedly been shown that stimuli that are physically intense or that are unexpected seem to last longer. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to account for such biases: One states that these temporal illusions are the result of increased levels of arousal that speeds up neural clock dynamics, whereas the alternative "magnitude coding" account states that the magnitude of sensory responses causally modulates perceived durations. Common experimental paradigms used to study temporal biases cannot dissociate between these accounts, as arousal and sensory magnitude covary and modulate each other. Here, we present two temporal discrimination experiments where two flashing stimuli demarcated the start and end of a to-be-timed interval. These stimuli could be either in the same or a different location, which led to different sensory responses because of neural repetition suppression. Crucially, changes and repetitions were fully predictable, which allowed us to explore effects of sensory response magnitude without changes in arousal or surprise. Intervals with changing markers were perceived as lasting longer than those with repeating markers. We measured EEG (Experiment 1) and pupil size (Experiment 2) and found that temporal perception was related to changes in ERPs (P2) and pupil constriction, both of which have been related to responses in the sensory cortex. Conversely, correlates of surprise and arousal (P3 amplitude and pupil dilation) were unaffected by stimulus repetitions and changes. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that sensory magnitude affects time perception even under constant levels of arousal.