Organic-rich nanoparticles (diameter: 10-30 nm) in diesel exhaust: Fuel and oil contribution based on chemical composition
Organic-rich nanoparticles (diameter: 10-30 nm) in diesel exhaust: Fuel and oil contribution based on chemical composition
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.053
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kobayashi, Shinji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fushimi, Akihiro;Saitoh, Katsumi;Kobayashi, Shinji
在无排气后处理系统的 8 升柴油机和配备氧化催化剂的 3 升柴油车的空载和瞬态条件下，测量了按粒径（直径：0.010-10 μ m）划分的颗粒数浓度和综合化学成分（元素和有机碳、元素、离子和有机化合物）的尺寸分布。即使使用低硫 (8 ppm) 燃料，8 L 发动机在空载条件 (8L-NoLoad) 下也会排放出高浓度的核模式颗粒，但 3 L 车辆不会排放核模式颗粒。 8L-NoLoad下纳米颗粒（直径：10-32 nm）的测量成分中有机碳占主要部分（79-80%），而元素碳仅占8-15%；包括硫酸盐在内的元素和离子只占很小的比例。通过气相色谱质谱法获得的纳米粒子的质量色谱图（m/z 85）与润滑油的质谱图相似，藿烷的峰轮廓与油中的峰轮廓相同。每个颗粒质量的 17 α(H),21 β(H)-藿烷浓度在较小的颗粒中较高。浓缩在油中的元素也浓缩在纳米颗粒中。这些结果表明，8L-NoLoad 下纳米粒子的主要成分不是硫酸盐和燃料，而是来自石油的有机物。根据17a.(H),210(H)-藿烷浓度，在8L-NoLoad下，油对纳米颗粒中测量组分的总和的贡献估计为79-92%。可比较的石油贡献是根据钙和锌浓度估算的。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The size distribution of particle number concentrations and comprehensive chemical composition (elemental and organic carbon, elements, ions, and organic compounds) by particle size (diameter: 0.010-10 mu m) were measured under no-load and transient conditions in the exhaust from an 8-L diesel engine with no exhaust after-treatment system and from a 3-L diesel vehicle equipped with an oxidation catalyst. High concentrations of nuclei-mode particles were emitted from the 8-L engine under no-load condition (8L-NoLoad), even when low-sulfur (8 ppm) fuel was used, but no nuclei-mode particles were emitted from the 3-L vehicle. Organic carbon accounted for a major part (79-80%) of the measured components of the nanoparticles (diameter: 10-32 nm) under 8L-NoLoad, but elemental carbon accounted for only 8-15%; elements and ions including sulfate accounted for only small percentages. The mass chromatogram (m/z 85) patterns obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the nanoparticles were similar to those for lubricating oil, and the peak profiles for hopanes were equivalent to those in oil. The 17 alpha(H),21 beta(H)-hopane concentrations per particle mass were higher in smaller particles. The elements concentrated in oil were also concentrated in the nanoparticles. These results suggest that not sulfate and fuel but organics derived from oil were the primary components of the nanoparticles under 8L-NoLoad. From the 17a.(H),210(H)-hopane concentrations, the oil contribution to the sum of measured components in the nanoparticles under 8L-NoLoad was estimated at 79-92%. Comparable oil contributions were estimated from Ca and Zn concentrations. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.