A numerical study of melt ponds
A numerical study of melt ponds
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DOI：
10.1029/2006jc003729
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发表时间：
2007-08
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Skyllingstad;C. Paulson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Skyllingstad;C. Paulson
[1]采用高分辨率湍流模拟来检验熔池几何形状在设置熔池生长速率和反照率方面的重要性。利用大涡模拟对熔池水的环流进行模拟表明，对流和风强迫条件都会产生混合良好的池，这表明分层不是池环流的重要因素。对各种形状和大小的池塘进行的模拟表明，边壁面积与底部面积的基本比值R可以用来表征形状简单的池塘的融化速度。R值较大的池子通常会在水平方向上更快地熔化，而底部熔化则会减慢。因此，假设融水的横向通量最小，与大型对称的池塘相比，小型和细长的池塘将具有相对较大的横向增长率。模拟还表明，池形对侧壁和底部湍流传递率也有影响。由于环流较弱，大R池的传输速率往往较低。基于矩形几何形状和湍流模型提出的均匀混合假设和r的池标度，建立了体池模型。体池模型与大涡模拟实例的结果吻合较好。
[1] High-resolution turbulence simulations are used to examine the importance of melt pond geometry in setting pond growth rates and albedo. Modeling the circulation of water in melt ponds using large-eddy simulation shows that both convective and wind-forced conditions generate well-mixed ponds, suggesting that stratification is not a significant factor in pond circulation. Simulations with a variety of pond shapes and sizes indicate that the basic ratio of sidewall area to bottom area, R, can be used to characterize melting rates for ponds with simple shapes. Ponds with large values of R will generally melt more rapidly in the horizontal direction at the expense of bottom melting. Consequently, small and elongated ponds will have a relatively larger lateral growth rate in comparison with large, symmetric ponds, assuming minimal lateral flux of meltwater. Simulations also show that pond shape can affect the sidewall and bottom turbulence transfer rates. Ponds with large R tend to have reduced transfer rates because of weaker circulations. A bulk pond model is developed on the basis of a rectangular geometry and an assumption of uniform mixing as suggested by the turbulence model and pond scaling using R. Comparison of the bulk model with results from the large-eddy simulation cases shows good agreement.