The Global High Frequency Radar Network
The Global High Frequency Radar Network
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00164
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发表时间：
2019-05-14
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Grilli, Stephan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roarty, Hugh;Cook, Thomas;Grilli, Stephan
来自世界各地的学术、政府和私人组织已经在区域或国家层面建立了高频雷达（以下简称HFR）网络。已经建立了伙伴关系，以便在单一的全球HFR网络（http://global-hfradar.org/）上进行协调和合作。这些伙伴关系成立于2012年，是地球观测组织（GEO）的一部分，旨在促进HFR技术并增加运营商和用户之间的数据共享。HFR网络的主要产品是以高空间（1-6公里）和高时间分辨率（每小时或更高）连续绘制海岸200公里范围内的海洋表面流图。尖端遥感技术正在成为海洋观测系统的标准组成部分，有助于向海洋监测的范式转变。2017年，全球高通量遥感网络被WMO-IOC海洋学和海洋气象学联合技术委员会（JCOMM）认定为全球海洋观测系统（GOOS）的观测网络。在本文中，我们将讨论网络的发展以及建立未来的目标。美国高频雷达网络（HFRNet）已经运行了13年多，其雷达数据来自31个组织，包括来自加拿大和墨西哥的测量数据。HFRNet目前收集了来自150多个雷达装置的数据，总计数百万海面速度测量记录。在过去的10年里，欧洲的高通量无线通信网络一直在稳步增长，目前部署了60多个站点，许多站点处于规划阶段。在亚洲和大洋洲国家，有110多个雷达站在运行。HFR技术的应用非常广泛：海洋安全、溢油响应、海啸预警、污染评估、海岸带管理、跟踪环境变化、三维环流的数值模型模拟，以及对沿海海洋动力学产生新认识的研究，这主要取决于每个国家的沿海海洋特征。这些雷达网络是改善海洋学研究和业务的国家机构间和机构间伙伴关系的例子。随着全球伙伴关系的发展，这些合作和改进的数据共享增强了我们应对区域、国家和全球环境与管理问题的能力。
Academic, government, and private organizations from around the globe have established High Frequency radar (hereinafter, HFR) networks at regional or national levels. Partnerships have been established to coordinate and collaborate on a single global HFR network (http://global-hfradar.org/) . These partnerships were established in 2012 as part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) to promote HFR technology and increase data sharing among operators and users. The main product of HFR networks are continuous maps of ocean surface currents within 200 km of the coast at high spatial (1-6 km) and temporal resolution (hourly or higher). Cutting-edge remote sensing technologies are becoming a standard component for ocean observing systems, contributing to the paradigm shift toward ocean monitoring. In 2017 the Global HFR Network was recognized by the Joint Technical WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) as an observing network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). In this paper we will discuss the development of the network as well as establishing goals for the future. The U.S. High Frequency Radar Network (HFRNet) has been in operation for over 13 years, with radar data being ingested from 31 organizations including measurements from Canada and Mexico. HFRNet currently holds a collection from over 150 radar installations totaling millions of records of surface ocean velocity measurements. During the past 10 years in Europe, HFR networks have been showing steady growth with over 60 stations currently deployed and many in the planning stage. In Asia and Oceania countries, more than 110 radar stations are in operation. HFR technology can be found in a wide range of applications: for marine safety, oil spill response, tsunami warning, pollution assessment, coastal zone management, tracking environmental change, numerical model simulation of 3-dimensional circulation, and research to generate new understanding of coastal ocean dynamics, depending mainly on each country's coastal sea characteristics. These radar networks are examples of national inter-agency and inter-institutional partnerships for improving oceanographic research and operations. As global partnerships grow, these collaborations and improved data sharing enhance our ability to respond to regional, national, and global environmental and management issues.