Epaxal®: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis A infection
Epaxal®: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis A infection
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DOI：
10.1586/14760584.7.8.1141
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Bovier, Patrick A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bovier, Patrick A.
在过去的几十年里，已经开发了不同类型的灭活甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）疫苗：几种铝佐剂疫苗和无铝病毒体疫苗。这两种类型的疫苗都是全病毒制剂，通过在人类二倍体细胞培养物中生长HAV毒株产生，随后用甲醛灭活。本文综述了所有已发表的关于病毒体配制疫苗Epaxal（R）的论文，Epaxal（R）基于吸附在特殊脂质体（病毒体）表面的福尔马林灭活HAV（RG-SB株），替代氢氧化铝作为佐剂原理。单次注射病毒体HAV疫苗耐受性良好，免疫原性高，首次接种后2周的血清保护率为88-97%。HAV病毒体疫苗可以与其他疫苗同时接种，而不会诱导抗原竞争。与铝吸附疫苗的直接比较表明，免疫原性相似，但Epaxal报告的局部反应较少。最近在儿童中的研究表明，Epaxal Junior也是大规模疫苗接种计划的优秀HAV疫苗。
Over the last few decades, different types of inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines have been developed: several aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines and an aluminum-free, virosome-formulated vaccine. Both types of vaccines are whole-virus preparations that are produced by growth of HAV strains in human diploid cell cultures and are subsequently inactivated with formaldehyde. This review summarizes all published papers on a virosome-formulated vaccine, Epaxal(R), based on formalin inactivated HAV (strain RG-SB) adsorbed to the surface of special liposomes (virosomes), that replace aluminum hydroxide as the adjuvant principle. A single injection of virosomal HAV vaccine is well tolerated and highly immunogenic, with 88-97% of seroprotection 2 weeks after a first dose. HAV virosomal vaccine can be administered concomitantly with other vaccines, without inducing antigenic competition. Direct comparison with aluminum-adsorbed vaccine has shown that the immunogenicity was similar, but fewer local reactions were reported with Epaxal. Recent studies in children have demonstrated that Epaxal Junior is also an excellent HAV vaccine for mass vaccination programs.