Detection and Quantification of Enteric Pathogens in Aerosols Near Open Wastewater Canals in Cities with Poor Sanitation
Detection and Quantification of Enteric Pathogens in Aerosols Near Open Wastewater Canals in Cities with Poor Sanitation
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c05060
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发表时间：
2021-10-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Brown, Joe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ginn, Olivia;Rocha-Melogno, Lucas;Brown, Joe
许多低收入国家的城市卫生基础设施不足，导致人口稠密地区出现高度集中、无控制的粪便流。结合气溶胶化机制，肠道微生物及其遗传物质的空气传播在这种环境中是可能的，但仍然缺乏表征。我们通过多重逆转录qPCR（37个靶标）和ddPCR（13个靶标），在玻利维亚的拉巴斯、印度的坎普尔和美国的亚特兰大，检测和定量了开放废水运河（OWC）或受影响（接收污水或废水）表面沃茨和对照点附近的气溶胶样本中肠道病原体相关基因靶标。我们检测到了广泛的肠道目标，一些以前没有报告在城市气溶胶的壁外，更频繁的检测所有肠道目标在更高的密度在拉巴斯和坎普尔附近的OWC。我们报告了所有目标的密度估计值高达4.7 × 10（2）gc/m（空气）（3），包括耐热肠致病性大肠杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌/志贺氏菌属，沙门氏菌属，诺如病毒和隐孢子虫属（Cryptosporidium spp.）估计25%、76%和0%的含有阳性病原体检测的样品伴随有可培养的E.大肠杆菌分别在拉巴斯，坎普尔，亚特兰大，表明肠道微生物的活力在采样点的潜力。在卫生条件差的城市，肠道病原体的空气传播值得进一步调查。
Urban sanitation infrastructure is inadequate in many low-income countries, leading to the presence of highly concentrated, uncontained fecal waste streams in densely populated areas. Combined with mechanisms of aerosolization, airborne transport of enteric microbes and their genetic material is possible in such settings but remains poorly characterized. We detected and quantified enteric pathogen-associated gene targets in aerosol samples near open wastewater canals (OWCs) or impacted (receiving sewage or wastewater) surface waters and control sites in La Paz, Bolivia; Kanpur, India; and Atlanta, USA, via multiplex reverse-transcription qPCR (37 targets) and ddPCR (13 targets). We detected a wide range of enteric targets, some not previously reported in extramural urban aerosols, with more frequent detections of all enteric targets at higher densities in La Paz and Kanpur near OWCs. We report density estimates ranging up to 4.7 x 10(2) gc per m(air)(3) across all targets including heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, enteroinvasive E. coli/Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., norovirus, and Cryptosporidium spp. Estimated 25, 76, and 0% of samples containing positive pathogen detects were accompanied by culturable E. coli in La Paz, Kanpur, and Atlanta, respectively, suggesting potential for viability of enteric microbes at the point of sampling. Airborne transmission of enteric pathogens merits further investigation in cities with poor sanitation.