Effects of Maternal Exposure to Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Kidney Injury Markers Using a Murine Model.
Effects of Maternal Exposure to Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Kidney Injury Markers Using a Murine Model.
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DOI：
10.1080/15287394.2015.1026622
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zelikoff JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blum JL;Edwards JR;Prozialeck WC;Xiong JQ;Zelikoff JT
纳米粒子（NP）在现代生活的许多领域都很普遍，但人们对其潜在的毒性知之甚少。一种商业上重要的NP是氧化镉（CdO），其用于合成其他含Cd NP，例如量子点。镉（Cd）是一种众所周知的肾毒性物质，但CdO NP的肾毒性潜力仍然未知，特别是在妊娠期间暴露时。因此，使用妊娠CD-1小鼠通过检查尿肌酐和肾损伤的尿生物标志物（包括肾损伤分子-1（Kim-1）和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL））来检查吸入CdO NP（230 μg CdO NP/m3）对母体和新生儿肾功能的影响。由母鼠吸入CdO NP产生尿Kim-1的五倍增加，而对尿肌酐水平没有显著影响。Kim-1 mRNA表达在妊娠日（GD）10.5达到峰值，NGAL表达从GD 10.5增加到17.5。此外，组织学分析显示GD 10.5时近端肾小管病理学。新生儿金-1 mRNA的表达在出生后第7天（PND）和14天之间上升，与乳腺/牛奶的明显来源的镉的后代。这些研究表明，与其他形式的镉类似，与吸入CdO NP相关的镉导致直接暴露的母体和后代的肾损伤。随着纳米技术的商业用途在世界各地不断扩大，工作场所无意接触的风险也在增加。鉴于工业劳动力中有大量妇女，需要注意保护这些已经脆弱的人口。
Nanoparticles (NP) are pervasive in many areas of modern life, with little known about their potential toxicities. One commercially important NP is cadmium oxide (CdO), which is used to synthesize other Cd-containing NP, such as quantum dots. Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known nephrotoxicant, but the nephrotoxic potential of CdO NP remains unknown, particularly when exposure occurs during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant CD-1 mice were used to examine the effects of inhaled CdO NP (230 μg CdO NP/m3) on maternal and neonatal renal function by examining urinary creatinine and urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Inhalation of CdO NP by dams produced a fivefold increase in urinary Kim-1 with no marked effect on urinary creatinine levels. Kim-1 mRNA expression peaked by gestational day (GD) 10.5, and NGAL expression increased from GD 10.5 to 17.5. In addition, histological analyses revealed proximal tubular pathology at GD 10.5. Neonatal Kim-1 mRNA expression rose between postnatal days (PND) 7 and 14, with mammary glands/milk being the apparent source of Cd for offspring. These studies demonstrate that, similar to what is seen with other Cd forms, Cd associated with inhaled CdO NP results in renal injury to both directly exposed dam and offspring. As commercial uses for nanotechnology continue to expand throughout the world, risks for unintentional exposure in the workplace increase. Given the large number of women in the industrial workforce, care needs to be taken to protect these already vulnerable populations.