Knowledge, Experiences and Views of German University Students Toward Neuroenhancement: An Empirical-Ethical Analysis
Knowledge, Experiences and Views of German University Students Toward Neuroenhancement: An Empirical-Ethical Analysis
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DOI：
10.1007/s12152-014-9218-z
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Vollmann, Jochen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forlini, Cynthia;Schildmann, Jan;Vollmann, Jochen
在规范和经验学科中，相当多的注意力已经投入到学生中非医疗使用处方和非法兴奋剂来增强神经的流行和道德上。一个主要的假设是，神经增强是普遍的、有需求的，需要采取适当的政策行动。在本文中，我们从三所不同大学的大样本德国学生（n = 1026）中提供了关于流行程度、观点和知识的数据，并从道德语用学的角度分析了这些发现。我们的研究结果表明，神经增强在德国学生中是一个众所周知的现象，但并不普遍。我们的样本中有2.2%的人报告使用处方药来增强神经。考试和竞争环境是使用的主要动机。学生对学术背景下的神经增强缺乏热情和批评，不赞成专业领域的神经增强。大多数受访者认为，增强神经功能的物质应由国家监管。这些立场是基于强烈的信念，抵制同辈压力，避免创造不公正和重视努力工作。从道德语用学的角度来看，这些结果挑战了神经增强政策在学术环境中是必要的假设。
Across normative and empirical disciplines, considerable attention has been devoted to the prevalence and ethics of the non-medical use of prescription and illegal stimulants for neuroenhancement among students. A predominant assumption is that neuroenhancement is prevalent, in demand, and calls for appropriate policy action. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, views and knowledge from a large sample of German students in three different universities (n = 1,026) and analyze the findings from a moral pragmatics perspective. The results of our study indicate that neuroenhancement is a well-known phenomenon among German students, but not prevalent. 2.2 % of our sample reported having used a prescription medication for neuroenhancement. Exams and competitive situations were predominant motivators of use. Students were unenthusiastic and critical about neuroenhancement in the academic context and disapproved of neuroenhancement for professionals. The majority of respondents agreed that neuroenhancing substances should be regulated by the state. These stances were based on strong beliefs in resisting peer pressure, avoiding the creation of injustice and valuing of hard work. From a moral pragmatics standpoint, these results challenge the assumption that policy on neuroenhancement is necessary in academic environments.