Planktonic microbial communities associated with fracture-derived groundwater in a deep gold mine of South Africa
Planktonic microbial communities associated with fracture-derived groundwater in a deep gold mine of South Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/01490450600875829
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bellamy, Robert E. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Li-Hung;Hall, James;Bellamy, Robert E. S.
陆地浮游微生物群落在600米以上深度的垂直分布和功能仍然不明确。采用16 S rRNA基因非培养方法和地球化学方法，对南非Beatrix Au矿地表以下0.7 ~ 1.4km处裂隙中微生物群落的异质性和潜在功能进行了研究。这些断裂水的盐度（26至47 mM Cl-）、温度（33至40 ℃）和年龄（1至5 Ma）随深度增加。裂隙水的δ D和δ O-18值分别为-44 ~-39%和-7 ~-4%VSMOW，与之前研究中从同一矿山采集的裂隙水呈现混合趋势，同位素特征表明为热液成因。Beatrix矿的裂隙水在Cl-、He和CH 4浓度以及三角洲D和三角洲O-18特征方面与上覆Karoo沉积层的地下水不同，在三角洲D和三角洲O-18特征方面与Vaal河（服务水源）的裂隙水不同。这些差异限制了与服务水或浅层地下水的最大混合量小于4%。16 S rDNA分析揭示了属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门、硝化螺菌门、绿菌门、栖热菌门、候选菌门OP 3和广古菌门的多样性和大量新的16 S rRNA基因。各门在克隆文库中所占的比例在样本间差异显著，表明群落结构具有公里尺度、空间异质性。从16 S rRNA基因的存在推断的潜在代谢通常与可用自由能的估计一致。
The vertical distribution and function of terrestrial planktonic microbial communities at depths greater than 600 m remain poorly established. Culture-independent methods using 16S rRNA genes and geochemical approaches were employed to investigate the heterogeneity and potential function of microbial communities residing within fractures at 0.7 to 1.4 kilometers below land surface of Beatrix Au Mine, South Africa. The salinity (26 to 47 mM Cl-), temperature (33 to 40 degrees C) and age (1 to 5 Ma) of these fracture water increased with depth. The delta D and delta O-18 values of fracture water ranged from -44 to -39% and from -7 to -4% VSMOW, respectively, and exhibited a mixing trend with fracture water collected from the same mine in a previous study where isotopic signatures were indicative of hydrothermal origin. Fracture water from Beatrix Mine was distinct from the groundwater in the overlying Karoo sedimentary strata in terms of its Cl-, He and CH4 concentrations, and its delta D and delta O-18 signatures and from Vaal River (source of service water) in terms of its delta D and delta O-18 signatures. The differences constrain the maximum amount of mixing with service water or shallow groundwater to be less than 4%. The 16S rDNA analyses revealed diverse and numerous novel 16S rRNA genes affiliated with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospira, Chlorobi, Thermus, Candidate Division OP3 and Euryarchaeota. The proportion of each phylum in clone libraries varied markedly among samples and suggests km-scale, spatial heterogeneity in community structures. Potential metabolisms inferred from the presence of 16S rRNA genes are generally consistent with estimates of the available free energy.