M apuche Demands during Educational Reform, the Penguin Revolution and the C hilean Winter of Discontent
M apuche Demands during Educational Reform, the Penguin Revolution and the C hilean Winter of Discontent
复制标题
马普切在教育改革、企鹅革命和智利不满之冬期间的要求
DOI：
10.1111/sena.12046
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Webb A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Webb A
智利教育系统中长期存在的不平等既是一个社会经济问题，也是一个民族问题。2006年和2011年的学生抗议活动代表了公众对自1990年军政府结束以来各自政府采用的新自由主义社会经济模式日益增长的担忧。教育也成为谈判承认土著权利--特别是文化和语言多样性--的一个有争议的领域。本文结合最近的新自由主义改革和政治抗议，分析了马普切在教育问题上的斗争历史。智利通过跨文化双语教育(IBE)提案进行了改革，以解决土著人口之间巨大的成绩差异，我们认为，这些提案挑战了霸权的教育体系及其同化机制。然而，现任政府对土著权利的承诺微乎其微，对文化差异的认识也微乎其微。相反，智利单一文化和单一语言民族主义的现状继续通过国家课程传播。
Enduring inequalities in Chile's education system are both a socio‐economic and ethno‐national problem. Student protests in 2006 and 2011 are representative of growing public concerns over the neoliberal socio‐economic model adopted by respective governments since the military regime ended in 1990. Education has also become a contested space in which the recognition of indigenous rights – and cultural and linguistic diversity in particular – have been negotiated. This article presents an analysis of the history of Mapuche struggles over education, in light of recent neoliberal reforms and political protests. Reforms to address large achievement differentials among indigenous populations have come through proposals for Intercultural Bilingual Education (IBE) in Chile and these, we suggest, have challenged the hegemonic education system and its assimilatory mechanisms. Its current administration, however, reflects minimal commitments to indigenous rights and only the thinnest recognition of cultural difference. Instead, the status quo of mono‐cultural and mono‐linguistic Chilean nationalism continues to be transmitted via the national curriculum.