What the pediatrician should know about non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
What the pediatrician should know about non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.014
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
28.2
通讯作者：
Gilsdorf, Janet R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilsdorf, Janet R.
不可分型的流感嗜血杆菌（NTHi）仅生活在人类的咽部，并且越来越多地被认为是引起呼吸道（中耳腔、鼻窦和支气管）的局部感染和全身感染（例如菌血症和肺炎）的病原体。只有一种NTHi的疫苗抗原，蛋白D，已经在人类中进行了广泛的研究，其预防NTHi中耳炎的功效是适度的。最近的遗传分析表明，NTHi是密切相关的溶血性嗜血杆菌（Hh），以前被认为是一种非致病性的咽部寄生虫。本文综述了包膜和非分型Hi的致病潜力之间的差异。此外，NTHi和Hh的生活方式和细菌特性的信息，因为它们涉及到他们的致病能力和价值的嗜血杆菌分类临床医生。此外，流行病学和NTHi抗生素耐药性的机制，其中包括生产β-内酰胺酶和青霉素结合蛋白3的改变，进行审查，因为是NTHi疫苗抗原发现的挑战。(C)2015年，英国传染病协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) live exclusively in the pharynges of humans and are increasingly recognized as pathogens that cause both localized infections of the respiratory tract (middle ear spaces, sinuses, and bronchi) and systemic infections such as bacteraemia and pneumonia. Only one vaccine antigen of NTHi, Protein D, has been extensively studied in humans and its efficacy in preventing NTHi otitis media is modest. Recent genetic analyses reveal that NTHi are closely related to Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh), previously thought to be a non-pathogenic commensal of the pharynx. This review discusses the differences between the pathogenic potential of encapsulated and non-typeable Hi. In addition, information on the lifestyles and bacterial characteristics of NTHi and Hh as they pertain to their pathogenic capacities and the value of the Haemophilus taxonomy to clinicians are presented. Further, the epidemiology and mechanisms of NTHi antibiotic resistance, which include production of beta-lactamase and alterations of penicillin-binding protein 3, are reviewed, as are the challenges of vaccine antigen discovery in NTHi. (C) 2015 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.