Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases in the United States: A Comprehensive Review
Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases in the United States: A Comprehensive Review
复制标题
美国人畜共患疾病的流行病学：综合回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Sanyaolu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sanyaolu
人畜共患疾病或感染（人畜共患病）是从动物自然传播给人类（反之亦然）的疾病。这些疾病通过食用受污染的食物和水、在制备、加工过程中接触病原体或通过直接接触受感染的动物或人类而传播。人畜共患疾病对全世界的公共卫生产生重大影响，由于缺乏控制策略以及社区教育的缺乏，发展中国家的发病率较高。研究表明，人类新发传染病中约75%源自动物。自 20 世纪 40 年代以来，农业实践、人类和动物人口统计、社会、文化、宗教和生活习惯等许多因素导致了人畜共患感染的出现。沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌 O157: H7 和隐孢子虫是美国疾病爆发的常见原因。预防和控制人畜共患疾病的关键因素是基于认识、调查和协作。治疗是针对病原体的。在过去的二十年中，美国境内的人畜共患疾病的患病率有所增加，并已成为人类传染病的重要原因；因此需要持续的意识。
Zoonotic diseases or infections (Zoonoses) are ailments that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans (or vice versa). These diseases are transmitted either by the consumption of contaminated food and water, exposure to the pathogen during preparation, processing or by direct contact with infected animals or humans. Zoonotic diseases have a significant effect on public health worldwide, showing a higher incidence rate in developing countries due to lack of control strategies, as well as the lack of education in the communities. Studies have indicated that about 75% of emerging infectious disease in humans originates from animals. Many factors like agricultural practices, human and animal demography, social, cultural, religious and lifestyle habits have led to the emergence of zoonotic infections since the 1940s. Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Cryptosporidium are prevalent causes of disease outbreaks in the United States. The key factors that will prevent and control zoonotic diseases are based on recognition, investigation, and collaboration. Treatment is specific to the causative agent. In the last two decades, zoonotic diseases within the United States have increased in prevalence and have become a significant cause of infectious disease to humans; hence the need for continuous awareness.