The correlation between leaf-surface and leaf-tissue secondary metabolites: a case study with pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Jacobaea hybrid plants
The correlation between leaf-surface and leaf-tissue secondary metabolites: a case study with pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Jacobaea hybrid plants
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叶表面和叶组织次生代谢物之间的相关性：以 Jacobaea 杂交植物中吡咯里西啶生物碱为例
DOI：
10.1007/s11306-017-1184-0
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Vrieling, Klaas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Dandan;Mulder, Patrick P. J.;Vrieling, Klaas
前言通常通过分析全植物或全叶提取物来研究昆虫-植物相互作用的化学生态学。对于食草动物物种，与叶表面的接触使他们能够估计植物的质量。叶表面和叶组织次生代谢物之间的关系可以为研究次生代谢物介导的昆虫-植物相互作用提供重要的新见解。摘要吡咯里西定生物碱(PAS)是雅可布属植物中典型的防御性化学物质，对普通食草动物具有驱避作用，但对专业性较强的植物具有吸引力。目的探索含PA植物叶表面的PAS是否能可靠地代表叶组织中的PAS。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)测定了普通雅可布与水生雅可布杂交F2代37个基因型(每个基因型1株)叶表面及相应叶组织中PAS的浓度。结果叶表面存在的多胺总量仅占叶组织总含量的0.015%(0.001-0.163%)。除茉莉碱、脱氢茉莉碱、脱氢茉莉碱和乌沙拉胺N-氧化物外，叶组织中的多胺类物质也主要存在于叶片表面。叶表面PA浓度与叶组织浓度呈正相关，但总PA、千里光碱和芥菜碱样PA的相关性不显著。结论叶表面PA的变化仅部分反映了叶组织中PA的变化。由于大多数食草动物受个体PA的影响方式不同，这一结果意味着叶表面不能给食草动物一个可靠的植物质量估计。
IntroductionUsually whole plant or whole leaf extracts are analyzed to study the chemical ecology of insect-plant interactions. For herbivore species the contact with the leaf surface enables them to estimate the quality of the plant. The relationship between the leaf-surface and leaf-tissue secondary metabolites (SMs) could offer important new insights in insect-plant interactions mediated by SMs. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), typical defense chemicals in Jacobaea species, are repellent for generalist herbivores but are attractive to specialists.ObjectivesExplore whether the PAs on the leaf surface are a reliable representation of the PAs in the leaf tissue in PA-containing plants.MethodThe concentration of individual PAs present on the leaf surface and in the corresponding leaf tissue from 37 genotypes (one plant from each genotype) of an F2 generation of a cross between Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea aquatica was measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PAs were removed from the leaf surface by extraction with a slightly acidic aqueous solution.ResultsThe total amount of PAs present on the surface of the leaves was only 0.015% (range 0.001–0.163%) of the total amount present in the leaf tissue. Most PAs present in the leaf tissue were also found on the surface, except for jaconine, dehydrojaconine, dehydrojacoline and usaramine N-oxide. Positive correlations between leaf-surface and leaf-tissue concentrations were found for most of the jacobine-like and otosenine-like PAs, but correlations for total PA, senecionine- and erucifoline-like PAs were not significant.ConclusionThese results indicate that PA variation on the leaf surface only partially reflects the PA variation in the leaf tissue. Because most herbivores are affected in a different manner by individual PAs, this result means that the leaf surface does not give a reliable estimate of plant quality to herbivores.