Interactive effects of early and recent exposure to stressful contexts on cortisol reactivity in middle childhood.
Interactive effects of early and recent exposure to stressful contexts on cortisol reactivity in middle childhood.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12287
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Belsky J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaffee SR;McFarquhar T;Stevens S;Ouellet-Morin I;Melhuish E;Belsky J
关于压力经历和人际关系是否与儿童皮质醇反应性的增加或减少有关，我们得出了混合的发现，我们测试了儿童风险暴露的发展史是否解释了皮质醇对实验诱导的任务的反应性的变化。我们还测试了皮质醇反应性与儿童内化和外化问题的关系是否随着他们应激经历和人际关系的发展史而变化。参与者包括400名来自儿童体验和发展研究的儿童(男性=9.99岁，SD=0.74岁)。早期风险暴露是通过孩子在3岁时接受严厉的、无反应的父母教育的经历来衡量的。最近的风险暴露是通过儿童在过去一年中暴露在创伤事件中来衡量的。孩子的皮质醇反应性是根据社会挑衅任务的反应进行测量的，父母和老师描述了儿童的内化和外化问题。最近暴露在创伤事件中的影响在一定程度上取决于孩子早期经历的严酷、无反应的父母教育：孩子最近经历的创伤事件越多，如果他们在3岁时经历了较低(但不是更高)的严厉、无反应的父母教育，他们的皮质醇反应性就越强。在过去一年经历过最严重创伤事件的儿童中，观察到的皮质醇反应水平最低，而在儿童早期接受严厉、无反应的父母教育的水平较高(而不是更低)。在童年早期经历了严酷、无反应的亲子关系以及后来的创伤事件的年轻人中，皮质醇反应性水平较低与内化和外化问题水平较高相关。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴对心理应激源的反应性以及HPA轴反应性与儿童内化和外化问题之间的关系随儿童暴露于应激关系和经历的发展史而不同。
Given mixed findings as to whether stressful experiences and relationships are associated with increases or decreases in children's cortisol reactivity, we tested whether a child's developmental history of risk exposure explained variation in cortisol reactivity to an experimentally induced task. We also tested whether the relationship between cortisol reactivity and children's internalizing and externalizing problems varied as a function of their developmental history of stressful experiences and relationships. Participants included 400 children (M = 9.99 years, SD = 0.74 years) from the Children's Experiences and Development Study. Early risk exposure was measured by children's experiences of harsh, nonresponsive parenting at 3 years. Recent risk exposure was measured by children's exposure to traumatic events in the past year. Children's cortisol reactivity was measured in response to a social provocation task and parents and teachers described children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The effect of recent exposure to traumatic events was partially dependent upon a child's early experiences of harsh, nonresponsive parenting: the more traumatic events children had recently experienced, the greater their cortisol reactivity if they had experienced lower (but not higher) levels of harsh, nonresponsive parenting at age 3. The lowest levels of cortisol reactivity were observed among children who had experienced the most traumatic events in the past year and higher (vs. lower) levels of harsh, nonresponsive parenting in early childhood. Among youth who experienced harsh, nonresponsive parent–child relationships in early childhood and later traumatic events, lower levels of cortisol reactivity were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to psychological stressors and the relationship between HPA axis reactivity and children's internalizing and externalizing problems vary as a function of a child's developmental history of exposure to stressful relationships and experiences.
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