Highly elevated levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorinated acids found in biota and surface water downstream of an international airport, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Highly elevated levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorinated acids found in biota and surface water downstream of an international airport, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2011.09.011
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Letcher, R. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Solla, S. R.;De Silva, A. O.;Letcher, R. J.
全氟和多氟化合物（PFC）包括全氟羧酸盐（PFCA）和磺酸盐（PFSA）以及各种前体，用于各种工业、商业和家用产品。这包括水性成膜泡沫（AFFF），它被军用和商用机场用作灭火剂。在本研究之前的一项初步评估中，2008年从加拿大安大略南部的尼亚彭科湖采集的鳄龟（Chelydra serpentina）血浆中发现了浓度非常高（湿重>1 ppm）的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）。我们目前报告的一套C-6至C-15 PFCAs，C-4，C-6，C-8和C-10 PFSAs，几个PFC前体（如全氟辛烷磺酰胺，PFOSA），和一种用于飞机液压油的环全氟酸，全氟乙基环己烷磺酸（PFECHS）在地表水中的韦兰河和湖Niapenco，下游的约翰C。加拿大安大略汉密尔顿芒罗国际机场。从韦兰河和尼亚彭科湖以及当地参考资料中采集了端足类动物、虾和水的样本。同一套全氟化学品海龟血浆从湖尼亚彭科进行了比较，从其他南部安大略网站。全氟辛烷磺酸在所有基质中的全氟辛烷磺酸总量中占主导地位（例如，在汉密尔顿机场下游的海龟血浆中>99%，在所有其他地点为72.1%至94.1%）。在尼亚彭科湖的海龟血浆中，全氟辛烷磺酸的平均浓度为2，223（+/- 247.1标准误）纳克/克，其他地方的浓度范围为9.0至171.4纳克/克。在机场下游，端足类动物和水中的全氟辛烷磺酸平均浓度分别为518.1（+/- 83.8）纳克/克和130.3（+/- 43.6）纳克/升，在参考地点分别为19.1（+/- 2.7）纳克/克和6.8（+/- 0.5）纳克/升。某些全氟化学品的浓度随着机场下游距离的增加而下降。尽管没有已知的泄漏事件或公开报道的与汉密尔顿机场火灾事件相关的AFFF使用，但该机场可能是韦兰河PFC污染的主要来源。Crown版权所有（C）2011由Elsevier Ltd.发布。保留所有权利。
Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs), which include perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates (PFSAs) and various precursors, are used in a wide variety of industrial, commercial and domestic products. This includes aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), which is used by military and commercial airports as fire suppressants. In a preliminary assessment prior to this study, very high concentrations (>1 ppm wet weight) of the PFSA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), were discovered in the plasma of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) collected in 2008 from Lake Niapenco in southern Ontario, Canada. We presently report on a suite of C-6 to C-15 PFCAs, C-4, C-6, C-8 and C-10 PFSAs, several PFC precursors (e.g. perfluorooctane sulfonamide, PFOSA), and a cyclic perfluorinated acid used in aircraft hydraulic fluid, perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) in surface water from the Welland River and Lake Niapenco, downstream of the John C. Munro International Airport, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Amphipods, shrimp, and water were sampled from the Welland River and Lake Niapenco, as well as local references. The same suite of PFCs in turtle plasma from Lake Niapenco was compared to those from other southern Ontario sites. PFOS dominated the sum PFCs in all substrates (e.g., >99% in plasma of turtles downstream the Hamilton Airport, and 72.1 to 94.1% at all other sites). PFOS averaged 2223 (+/- 247.1 SE) ng/g in turtle plasma from Lake Niapenco, and ranged from 9.0 to 171.4 elsewhere. Mean PFOS in amphipods and in water were 518.1 (+/- 83.8) ng/g and 130.3(+/- 43.6) ng/L downstream of the airport, and 19.1 (+/- 2.7) ng/g and 6.8 (+/- 0.5) ng/L at reference sites, respectively. Concentrations of selected PFCs declined with distance downstream from the airport. Although there was no known spill event or publicly reported use of AFFF associated with a fire event at the Hamilton airport, the airport is a likely major source of PFC contamination in the Welland River. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.