Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies.
Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0901076
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Steevens JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson DR;Methner MM;Kennedy AJ;Steevens JA
在旨在产生与天然地表沃茨中发现的条件相似的条件的研究中，实验室人员有可能接触到工程碳基纳米材料（CNM）[例如，天然有机物（NOM）。本初步研究的目的是评估在处理和超声处理过程中CNM释放到实验室大气中的环境相关基质中。我们测量了富勒烯（C60），未衍生化的多壁碳纳米管（粗MWCNT）、羟基化MWCNT（MWCNT-OH）和炭黑（CB）在空气中的纳米材料进行称重，转移到装有重组淡水的烧杯，并在去离子水和含有和不含NOM的重组淡水中进行超声处理。手持颗粒计数器，测量纳米范围（10- 1，000 nm）和六个特定尺寸范围（300- 10，000 nm）内每体积空气的总颗粒数浓度。通过空气样品过滤器的透射电子显微镜测定颗粒尺寸和形态。校正背景颗粒数浓度后，很明显，在称重过程中，除CB外，每种纳米材料的气载颗粒数浓度都有所增加，气载颗粒数浓度与粒度呈负相关。超声波纳米材料掺水导致增加空气中的纳米材料，最明显的是多壁碳纳米管-羟基水与NOM和CB。工程纳米材料在通过超声处理混合在溶液中时，特别是当纳米材料被功能化或在含有NOM的水中时，可能会在空气中传播。
The potential exists for laboratory personnel to be exposed to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) in studies aimed at producing conditions similar to those found in natural surface waters [e.g., presence of natural organic matter (NOM)]. The goal of this preliminary investigation was to assess the release of CNMs into the laboratory atmosphere during handling and sonication into environmentally relevant matrices. We measured fullerenes (C60), underivatized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (raw MWCNT), hydroxylated MWCNT (MWCNT-OH), and carbon black (CB) in air as the nanomaterials were weighed, transferred to beakers filled with reconstituted freshwater, and sonicated in deionized water and reconstituted freshwater with and without NOM. Airborne nanomaterials emitted during processing were quantified using two hand-held particle counters that measure total particle number concentration per volume of air within the nanometer range (10–1,000 nm) and six specific size ranges (300–10,000 nm). Particle size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy of air sample filters. After correcting for background particle number concentrations, it was evident that increases in airborne particle number concentrations occurred for each nanomaterial except CB during weighing, with airborne particle number concentrations inversely related to particle size. Sonicating nanomaterial-spiked water resulted in increased airborne nanomaterials, most notably for MWCNT-OH in water with NOM and for CB. Engineered nanomaterials can become airborne when mixed in solution by sonication, especially when nanomaterials are functionalized or in water containing NOM. This finding indicates that laboratory workers may be at increased risk of exposure to engineered nanomaterials.