The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal
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相对于时间变化的空间变化程度影响扩散的演变

DOI:
10.1111/oik.07567
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
T. Hovestadt
T. Hovestadt
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sieger;T. Hovestadt

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面对持续的全球气候和土地利用变化,生物体有多种可能性来应对环境的改变。两种主要的可能性是要么适应当地,要么分散到更合适的栖息地。局部适应和扩散的演变相互作用,并可能受到空间和时间变化(例如温度或降水)的影响。在基于个体的模型(IBM)中,我们探索了相对于全球时间变化具有不同空间程度的景观中表型的演化,以检验其对扩散、生态位最佳值和生态位宽度演化的影响。时间和空间变化之间的关系既不影响生态位最佳局部适应的演化,也不影响生态位宽度的演化。扩散概率很大程度上受时空关系的影响:随着空间变化的增加,扩散概率降低。此外,特征值在补丁属性上的分布形状从驼峰变为 U 形。在低空间方差下,​​更多个体从平均栖息地迁出,在高空间方差下,​​更多个体从极端栖息地迁出。具有高空间变化的极端景观斑块中相对较高的扩散概率可以通过两种适应性反应的进化演替来解释。在模拟的早期,具有高空间变异性的景观中的极端斑块充当汇栖息地,其中种群的持久性取决于具有广泛生态位的高度分散的个体。随着不断的进化,剩余个体的局部适应占据了主导地位,但同时,一种可能的对冲策略促进了这些栖息地更高的扩散概率。在这里,在经历了斑块属性时间均值极端变化的几代人中,分散个体的预期适应度变得比亲族个体更高。这意味着在某些情况下,可以选择局部适应和高扩散概率来应对未来预计的环境变化。
In the face of ongoing global climate and land use change, organisms have multiple possibilities to cope with the modification of their environment. The two main possibilities are to either adapt locally or disperse to a more suitable habitat. The evolution of both local adaptation and dispersal interacts and can be influenced by the spatial and temporal variation (of e.g. temperature or precipitation). In an individual based model (IBM), we explore evolution of phenotypes in landscapes with varying degree of spatial relative to global temporal variation in order to examine its influence on the evolution of dispersal, niche optimum and niche width. The relationship between temporal and spatial variation did neither influence the evolution of local adaptation in the niche optimum nor of niche widths. Dispersal probability is highly influenced by the spatio‐temporal relationship: with increasing spatial variation, dispersal probability decreases. Additionally, the shape of the distribution of the trait values over patch attributes switches from hump‐ to U‐shaped. At low spatial variance more individuals emigrate from average habitats, at high spatial variance more from extreme habitats. The comparatively high dispersal probability in extreme patches of landscapes with a high spatial variation can be explained by evolutionary succession of two kinds of adaptive response. Early in the simulations, extreme patches in landscapes with a high spatial variability act as sink habitats, where population persistence depends on highly dispersive individuals with a wide niche. With ongoing evolution, local adaptation of the remaining individuals takes over, but simultaneously a possible bet‐hedging strategy promotes higher dispersal probabilities in those habitats. Here, in generations that experience extreme shifts from the temporal mean of the patch attribute, the expected fitness becomes higher for dispersing individuals than for philopatric individuals. This means that under certain circumstances, both local adaptation and high dispersal probability can be selected for for coping with the projected environmental changes in the future.
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