Risk correlates of prevalent HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among noninjecting heroin users
Risk correlates of prevalent HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among noninjecting heroin users
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DOI：
10.1097/00042560-200208010-00011
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Des Jarlais, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gyarmathy, VA;Neaigus, A;Des Jarlais, DC
目的：探讨非注射海洛因吸毒者(NIUS)HIV感染与乙型和丙型肝炎(乙肝、丙型肝炎)感染的关系。方法：1996年3月至2001年3月，对483名符合条件的吸毒者进行HIV、HBV丙型肝炎抗体检测和结构化访谈。结果：69.8%的吸毒者(69.8%)与无保护性行为(HIV和乙肝病毒)、无保护性行为(HIV)、有无保护性行为(HIV)、自身报告的梅毒感染(HIV)、吸食海洛因的时间较长(HIV和丙型肝炎病毒)、吸食可卡因时间较短(HIV)、1986年前输血(HIV)、有无纹身(丙型肝炎病毒)有显著相关。有吸毒史者(30.2%)与共用注射器(HIV和乙肝病毒)、频繁注射(丙型肝炎病毒)、较长的性行为时间(乙肝病毒)和有过纹身(丙型肝炎病毒)有关。结论：未曾注射过艾滋病病毒和乙肝病毒的人可能主要通过性传播途径感染，而有过注射史的人感染HIV和丙型肝炎病毒的主要途径是通过注射和性接触。针对NIUS的干预措施应防止不安全的性行为以及开始或恢复注射。此外，不卫生的纹身可能导致接触丙型肝炎病毒，应成为预防工作的重点。
Objective: To examine lifetime correlates of HIV and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) infections among noninjecting heroin users (NIUs).Methods: Between March 1996 and March 2001, 483 eligible NIUs were tested for HIV, HBV, and HCV antibodies and administered structured interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were stratified by injecting history.Results: Among never-injectors (69.8%), significant (p < .05) correlates were unprotected sex with men who have sex with men (HIV and HBV), unprotected sex with NIUs (HIV), self-reported syphilis infection (HBV), longer duration of heroin use (HBV and HCV), shorter duration of cocaine use (HIV), blood transfusion before 1986 (HIV), and having been tattooed (HCV). Among former injectors (30.2%), significant correlates were receptive syringe sharing (HIV and HBV), frequent lifetime injection (HCV), longer duration of sexual activity (HBV), and having been tattooed (HCV).Conclusion: Never-injectors infected with HIV and HBV appear to have become infected mainly through sexual transmission, whereas former injectors appear to have become infected with HIV and HCV mainly though injecting risk and with HBV through both injecting and sexual risk. Interventions targeted at NIUs should prevent unsafe sex as well as the initiation or resumption of injecting. In addition, unhygienic tattooing, which may lead to HCV exposure, should be a focus of prevention efforts.