WHIRLY protein functions in plants
WHIRLY protein functions in plants
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DOI：
10.1002/fes3.379
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Rachel E. Taylor;C. E. West;C. Foyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rachel E. Taylor;C. E. West;C. Foyer
摘要环境压力对粮食安全构成重大威胁。因此，了解调节植物对生物和非生物胁迫反应的蛋白质的功能对于制定作物改良策略至关重要。DNA结合蛋白的漩涡(为什么)家族在这方面很重要，因为它们在细胞器和细胞核中发挥着一系列重要的功能。WHY1和WHY2蛋白在细胞核中作为转录因子发挥作用，调节植物激素的合成以及相关的生长和胁迫反应，并在叶绿体和线粒体的DNA和RNA新陈代谢中发挥关键作用。WHY1、WHY2(以及拟南芥中的WHY3蛋白)维持细胞器基因组的稳定性，并作为同源重组和双链断裂修复的辅助因子。近年来，我们对蛋白质功能的了解有了很大的提高，就像我们对其局部和功能重叠的灵活性的了解一样，但文献中没有对这一主题的综述。因此，我们在这篇综述中的目的是对这一主题进行全面的概述，讨论为什么蛋白质在细胞核和细胞器中发挥作用，并强调蛋白质在植物发育和逆境反应中的作用。特别是，我们考虑了不确定的领域，例如为什么蛋白质在连接线粒体、质体和细胞核的逆行信号方面的灵活定位。此外，我们确定了为什么蛋白质是植物育种计划的重要目标，这些育种计划旨在提高作物在不断变化的气候下的抗逆性和作物产量的可持续性。
Abstract Environmental stresses pose a significant threat to food security. Understanding the function of proteins that regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses is therefore pivotal in developing strategies for crop improvement. The WHIRLY (WHY) family of DNA‐binding proteins are important in this regard because they fulfil a portfolio of important functions in organelles and nuclei. The WHY1 and WHY2 proteins function as transcription factors in the nucleus regulating phytohormone synthesis and associated growth and stress responses, as well as fulfilling crucial roles in DNA and RNA metabolism in plastids and mitochondria. WHY1, WHY2 (and WHY3 proteins in Arabidopsis) maintain organelle genome stability and serve as auxiliary factors for homologous recombination and double‐strand break repair. Our understanding of WHY protein functions has greatly increased in recent years, as has our knowledge of the flexibility of their localization and overlap of functions but there is no review of the topic in the literature. Our aim in this review was therefore to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, discussing WHY protein functions in nuclei and organelles and highlighting roles in plant development and stress responses. In particular, we consider areas of uncertainty such as the flexible localization of WHY proteins in terms of retrograde signalling connecting mitochondria, plastids, and the nucleus. Moreover, we identify WHY proteins as important targets in plant breeding programmes designed to increase stress tolerance and the sustainability of crop yield in a changing climate.