The clump mass function of the dense clouds in the Carina Nebula

The clump mass function of the dense clouds in the Carina Nebula
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船底座星云稠密云的团块质量函数

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201218815
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发表时间:
2013
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影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
K. Menten
K. Menten
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Pekruhl;Th. Preibisch;F. Schuller;K. Menten

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恒星形成区域的初始条件如何影响形成恒星的质量函数是恒星形成理论中最基本的开放话题之一。目的:我们想要描述船底座星云复群中冷尘埃团的特性,这是我们银河系中质量最大的恒星形成区域之一,并显示出非常高水平的大质量恒星反馈。我们推导了团块质量函数(ClMF),探讨了不同团块提取算法的可靠性,并研究了云内温度对ClMF形状的影响。方法对APEX望远镜上LABOCA获得的1.25°× 1.25°宽视场亚毫米星图进行了分析,该星图首次提供了船底座星云复合体中云的空间完整调查。我们使用了三种团块查找算法,分别是CLUMPFIND、gaussclusters和SExtractor来识别单个团块并确定它们的总通量。除了假设所有云的共同“典型”温度外,我们还采用云柱密度和温度之间的经验关系来确定单个团块温度的估计,并使用它来确定单个团块的质量。结果不同提取方法得到的ClMFs在形状上存在较大差异。虽然基于clusterfind提取的ClMF可以很好地用幂律描述(对于远高于完整性限制的团块质量),但基于gaussclusters和SExtractor提取的ClMF可以更好地用对数正态分布表示。我们还发现,使用单个团块温度导致ClMF斜率比(通常使用的)假设所有团块的共同温度(例如20 K)更浅。结论:我们发现的ClMF样品的dN/dM∝m -1.95的幂律与其他地区ClMF的研究中发现的ClMF斜率很一致。ClMF形状(幂律与对数正态分布)对所采用的提取方法的依赖性表明,对ClMF形状的观测决定只能产生关于云的真实结构的非常有限的信息。将对数正态ClMF形状解释为湍流恒星前云的特征,而将幂律ClMF形状解释为恒星形成云的特征,对于没有附加信息的单一提取算法,可能要谨慎对待。
ContextThe question how the initial conditions in a star-forming region affect the resulting mass function of the forming stars is one of the most fundamental open topics in star formation theory.AimsWe want to characterize the properties of the cold dust clumps in the Carina nebula complex, which is one of the most massive star forming regions in our Galaxy and shows a very high level of massive star feedback. We derive the clump mass function (ClMF), explore the reliability of different clump extraction algorithms, and investigate the influence of the temperatures within the clouds on the resulting shape of the ClMF.MethodsWe analyze a 1.25° × 1.25° wide-field submillimeter map obtained with LABOCA at the APEX telescope, which provides the first spatially complete survey of the clouds in the Carina nebula complex. We use the three clump-finding algorithms CLUMPFIND, GAUSSCLUMPS and SExtractor to identify individual clumps and determine their total fluxes. In addition to assuming a common “typical” temperature for all clouds, we also employ an empirical relation between cloud column densities and temperature to determine an estimate of the individual clump temperatures, and use this to determine individual clump masses.ResultsWe find that the ClMFs resulting from the different extraction methods show considerable differences in their shape. While the ClMF based on the CLUMPFIND extraction is very well described by a power-law (for clump masses well above the completeness limit), the ClMFs based on the extractions with GAUSSCLUMPS and SExtractor are better represented by a log-normal distribution. We also find that the use of individual clump temperatures leads to a shallower ClMF slope than the (often used) assumption of a common temperature (e.g. 20 K) of all clumps.ConclusionsThe power-law of dN/dM∝M-1.95we find for the CLUMPFIND sample is in good agreement with ClMF slopes found in previous studies of the ClMFs of other regions. The dependence of the ClMF shape (power-law versus log-normal distribution) on the employed extraction method suggests that observational determinations of the ClMF shape yields only very limited information about the true structure of the cloud. Interpretations of log-normal ClMF shape as a signature of turbulent pre-stellar clouds versus power-law ClMFs as a signature of star-forming clouds may be taken with caution for a single extraction algorithm without additional information.
船底座星云深广视场近红外巡天
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
T. Preibisch;T. Ratzka;B. Kuderna;H. Ohlendorf;R. R. King;S. Hodgkin;M. Irwin;J. Lewis;M. McCaughrean;H. Zinnecker
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
S. Wolk;P. Broos;K. Getman;E. Feigelson;T. Preibisch;L. Townsley;Junfeng Wang;K. Stassun;R. R. King;M. McCaughrean;A. Moffat;H. Zinnecker
通讯作者: H. Zinnecker
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2010
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
T. Preibisch;F. Schuller;H. Ohlendorf;Stephanie Pekruhl;K. Menten;H. Zinnecker
通讯作者: H. Zinnecker
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200913372
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 6.5
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