BALANCING COSTS AND OPPORTUNITIES - DISPERSAL IN MALE BABOONS
BALANCING COSTS AND OPPORTUNITIES - DISPERSAL IN MALE BABOONS
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DOI：
10.1086/285740
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发表时间：
1995-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
ALTMANN, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALBERTS, SC;ALTMANN, J
年轻的雄性狒狒通常在接近成年时从出生的群体中分散出来，并可能在其一生中继续在社会群体之间迁移。长期数据的传播和居住模式的雄性狒狒在Amboseli国家公园，肯尼亚，提供了110名男性的人口，其中43人在他们的纳塔尔分散监测。这些数据使我们不仅提供了一个详细的评估的影响，生殖竞争的扩散，但也是第一次直接估计的成本在雄性灵长类动物的扩散和为数不多的直接估计健身成本与繁殖的纳塔尔组。男性纳塔尔分散在中位数年龄为8.5岁（范围，6.8-13.4年），随后保持在非出生组的中位数任期为24个月（范围，1-138个月）。研究中有一半的雄性在纳塔尔前进行了中度到广泛的生殖活动。与纳塔尔组中的繁殖相关的生殖成本是由纳塔尔男性可能是其父亲的后代的高死亡率提出的，即使母系亲属避免彼此交配。扩散需要花费相当长的时间独自一人，因此扩散的成本是巨大的，因为死亡的风险和失去的繁殖机会在扩散。女性可用性和男性交配成功显然影响纳塔尔和二次扩散模式。我们提出了一个模型的扩散趋势，以阐明在人口密度，捕食风险和群体之间的交配机会的分布差异的方式可能会导致复杂的扩散模式是一致的，本研究的结果和不同的经验报告在文献中。
Young male baboons typically disperse from their group of birth as they near adult size and may continue to migrate between social groups throughout their lives. Long-term data on dispersal and residence patterns of male baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, were available for 110 males in the population, including 43 that were monitored during their natal dispersal. These data enabled us to provide not only a detailed evaluation of the effects of reproductive competition on dispersal but also the first direct estimates of the costs of dispersal in male primates and one of the few direct estimates of fitness costs associated with breeding in the natal group. Males underwent natal dispersal at a median age of 8.5 yr (range, 6.8-13.4 yr) and subsequently remained in nonnatal groups for a median tenure of 24 mo (range, 1-138 mo). Half of the males in the study engaged in moderate to extensive reproductive activity before natal dispersal. Reproductive costs associated with breeding in the natal group were suggested by the high mortality of offspring for whom natal males were their likely fathers, even though maternal relatives avoided mating with each other. Dispersal involved considerable time spent alone, and therefore the costs of dispersal were substantial, because of mortality risks and missed reproductive opportunities during dispersal. Female availability and male mating success apparently affected both natal and secondary dispersal patterns. We present a model of dispersal tendency in order to explicate the ways in which differences in population density, predation risk, and the distribution of mating opportunities among groups might result in complex dispersal patterns that are consistent with both the results of the present study and the disparate empirical reports in the literature.