Reflex Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Responses in Man
Reflex Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Responses in Man
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人类的反射性血管收缩剂和血管舒张剂反应
DOI：
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发表时间：
1966
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. W. Eckstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Abboud;J. W. Eckstein
众所周知，前额冰敷和瓦尔萨尔瓦动作会通过刺激交感神经系统的肾上腺素能通路而引起反射性血管收缩。在这里报道的实验中，这些刺激对人前臂血流的影响在动脉内注射肾上腺素能阻断药物后进行了研究。流量的变化进行了测量与水体积描记器适用于两个前臂。一只前臂作为“对照”，另一只前臂作为“实验”，注射药物。刺激引起了一致的流量减少控制前臂，但动脉内注入小剂量的乙啶后，有增加的流量，同时减少流量控制arm.The增加的流量响应于刺激后酚妥拉明加剧和阿托品后减少实验臂。结果表明，前额冰敷和Valsalva动作同时刺激肾上腺素能血管收缩通路和胆碱能血管舒张通路。血管收缩反应占主导地位，而血管扩张效应仅在肾上腺素能阻滞后才被发现。因此，看来精神压力不是唯一能引起人前臂反射性胆碱能血管扩张的刺激。其他人的工作表明，在使用肾上腺素溶解剂后，腿部运动也可能引起胆碱能血管扩张。在接受乙啶治疗的患者中观察到的严重直立性血压下降以及运动性低血压中，胆碱能血管舒张可能发挥作用。
The application of ice to the forehead and the Valsalva maneuver are known to cause reflex vasoconstriction by stimulation of adrenergic pathways of the sympathetic nervous system. In the experiments reported here, the effects of these stimuli on blood flow to the forearm of man were studied after intra-arterial injection of adrenergic blocking drugs. Changes in flow were measured with water plethysmographs applied to both forearms. One forearm served as “control,” and the other forearm, into which the drugs were injected, was the “experimental” one. The stimuli caused a consistent reduction of flow to the control forearm, but after the intra-arterial infusion of small doses of guanethidine there was increased flow to the experimental arm simultaneous with decreased flow to the control arm. The increased flow in response to the stimuli was accentuated after phentolamine and reduced after atropine. The results indicate that the application of ice to the forehead and the Valsalva maneuver stimulate adrenergic vasoconstrictor pathways and cholinergic vasodilator pathways simultaneously. The vasoconstrictor response predominates, and the vasodilator effect is unmasked only after adrenergic blockade. It appears, therefore, that mental stresses are not the only stimuli which can cause reflex cholinergic vasodilatation in the forearm of man. Work by others would suggest that leg exercise may also cause cholinergic dilatation after adrenolytic agents. It is possible that cholinergic vasodilatation may play a role in the severe orthostatic fall in blood pressure, as well as in the exercise hypotension, observed in patients treated with guanethidine.