Beyond receptors and signaling: epigenetic factors in the regulation of innate immunity.
Beyond receptors and signaling: epigenetic factors in the regulation of innate immunity.
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DOI：
10.1038/icb.2014.101
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Jeffrey KL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mehta S;Jeffrey KL
先天免疫细胞与病原体的相互作用导致基因表达的变化，从而引发我们身体抵御感染的第一道防线。尽管信号通路和转录因子具有核心作用，但越来越清楚的是，表观遗传因子，以DNA或组蛋白修饰的形式，以及非编码rna，对于在不同的先天免疫细胞类型中产生必要的细胞谱系和环境特异性基因表达至关重要。许多表观遗传景观是在细胞分化期间设置的；然而，病原体和其他环境触发因素也会诱导组蛋白修饰的变化，从而促进耐受性或“训练”先天免疫细胞产生更强大的不依赖抗原的二次反应。在此，我们回顾了表观遗传因素对先天免疫反应的启动、维持和训练的重要贡献。此外，我们还探讨了病原体如何劫持这些机制以获取其益处，以及小分子靶向染色质机制作为增强或抑制疾病中先天免疫反应的一种方式的潜力。2015年3月刊包含一篇关于健康和疾病背后的表观遗传机制的专题文章。表观遗传修饰染色质影响我们基因的转录状态。因此，了解调节免疫细胞命运的表观遗传机制是非常重要的，因为它们不仅可以帮助我们了解如何增强免疫反应，还可以改变有害的免疫反应，如自身免疫和癌症。免疫学和细胞生物学感谢本专题的协调员- Rhys Allan -为他的计划和投入。
The interaction of innate immune cells with pathogens leads to changes in gene expression that elicit our body's first line of defense against infection. Although signaling pathways and transcription factors have a central role, it is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic factors, in the form of DNA or histone modifications, as well as noncoding RNAs, are critical for generating the necessary cell lineage as well as context‐specific gene expression in diverse innate immune cell types. Much of the epigenetic landscape is set during cellular differentiation; however, pathogens and other environmental triggers also induce changes in histone modifications that can either promote tolerance or ‘train’ innate immune cells for a more robust antigen‐independent secondary response. Here we review the important contribution of epigenetic factors to the initiation, maintenance and training of innate immune responses. In addition, we explore how pathogens have hijacked these mechanisms for their benefit and the potential of small molecules targeting chromatin machinery as a way to boost or subdue the innate immune response in disease. The March 2015 issue contains a Special Feature on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying health and disease. Epigenetic modifications to chromatin influence the transcriptional status of our genes. Thus, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate immune cell fate are of great importance as they will provide insight into not only how to boost immune responses but also alter harmful ones such as autoimmunity and cancer. Immunology and Cell Biology thanks the coordinators of this Special Feature ‐ Rhys Allan ‐ for his planning and input.