Racing to block tumorigenesis after pRb loss: an innocuous point mutation wins with synthetic lethality.

Racing to block tumorigenesis after pRb loss: an innocuous point mutation wins with synthetic lethality.
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DOI:
10.4161/cc.9.11.11726
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发表时间:
2010-06-01
期刊:
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zhu L
Zhu L
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bauzon F;Zhu L

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肿瘤抑制因子研究的一个主要目标是中和它们丢失的致瘤效应。由于pRb的丢失在许多类型的细胞中不诱导肿瘤发生,因此自然机制可以中和这些细胞中pRb丢失的致瘤效应。对于易感细胞,中和pRb丢失的致瘤效应可以通过纠正pRb靶点的失调活性以使pRb缺陷细胞不那么异常来逻辑地实现。这一系列研究意外地揭示,敲除pRb靶标Skp 2并没有使Rb 1缺陷细胞变得不那么异常,而是诱导了它们的凋亡,从而完全阻断了Rb 1 +/-小鼠中的肿瘤发生,并且在垂体中叶(IL)中靶向缺失Rb 1后。Skp 2是SCF Skp 2 E3 biquitin连接酶的底物募集组分;其底物之一是Thr 187-磷酸化的p27 Kip 1。一个p27 T187 A敲入(KI)突变表型模仿Skp 2敲除(KO)在Rb 1丢失后诱导细胞凋亡。因此,Skp 2 KO或p27 T187 A KI是合成致死的,pRb失活。由于纯合p27 T187 A KI突变在小鼠中没有显示出不良影响,因此抑制p27 T187磷酸化或p27 T187 p泛素化可能是pRb缺陷诱导的肿瘤发生的高度治疗性和最小毒性的干预策略。
A major goal of tumor suppressor research is to neutralize the tumorigenic effects of their loss. Since loss of pRb does not induce tumorigenesis in many types of cells, natural mechanisms may neutralize the tumorigenic effects of pRb loss in these cells. For susceptible cells, neutralizing the tumorigenic effects of pRb loss could logically be achieved by correcting the deregulated activities of pRb targets to render pRb-deficient cells less abnormal. This line of research has unexpectedly revealed that knocking out the pRb target Skp2 did not render Rb1 deficient cells less abnormal but, rather, induced apoptosis in them, thereby completely blocking tumorigenesis in Rb1+/- mice and after targeted deletion of Rb1 in pituitary intermediate lobe (IL). Skp2 is a substrate-recruiting component of the SCFSkp2 E3 biquitin ligase; one of its substrates is Thr187-phosphorylated p27Kip1. A p27T187A knockin (KI) mutation phenocopied Skp2 knockout (KO) in inducing apoptosis following Rb1 loss. Thus, Skp2 KO or p27T187A KI are synthetic lethal with pRb inactivation. Since homozygous p27T187A KI mutations show no adverse effects in mice, inhibiting p27T187 phosphorylation or p27T187p ubiquitination could be a highly therapeutic and minimally toxic intervention strategy for pRb deficiency-induced tumorigenesis.
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