Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Insulators
Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Insulators
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DOI：
10.1002/9783527681594.ch1
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Ortmann;S. Roche;S. Valenzuela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Ortmann;S. Roche;S. Valenzuela
拓扑绝缘体（TI）以二维和三维形式存在，代表了源自某些材料和化合物的体波函数的拓扑特征的新电子相。为了克服石墨烯中低自旋轨道相互作用带来的限制，Bernevig和Zhang很早就在强自旋轨道耦合促进的复杂应变结构中提出了量子自旋霍尔（QSH）相。三维TI与石墨烯有几个共同的属性，例如它们的低能电子特性由无质量狄拉克费米子激发主导，其中能量色散关系由狄拉克锥描述。理论上已经提出了在石墨烯中产生光致带隙以及形成类似于TI的状态的几种可能性，开辟了另一个研究领域，其中光照明成为打开和关闭拓扑状态形成的有趣工具。
Topological insulators (TIs), which exist in two and three dimensions, represent a new electronic phase stemming from the topological character of the bulk wave functions of certain materials and compounds. To overcome the limitations imposed by the low spin–orbit interaction in graphene, the quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase was early on proposed by Bernevig and Zhang in intricate strain architecture promoted by strong spin–orbit coupling. Three‐dimensional TIs have several attributes in common with graphene, such as their low‐energy electronic properties dominated by massless Dirac Fermion excitations, where the energy dispersion relations are described by a Dirac cone. Several possibilities for generating photo‐induced bandgaps in graphene and the formation of states akin to those of TIs have been proposed theoretically, opening another field of research in which light illumination becomes an intriguing enabling tool to switch on and off the formation of the topological state.