Spontaneous symmetry breaking at the fluctuating level.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking at the fluctuating level.
复制标题
波动水平上的自发对称性破缺。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
P. Garrido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Hurtado;P. Garrido
然而，在波动水平上可能会发生平衡稳态中不允许的相变。我们首次观察到这种引人注目且普遍的现象，用于测量孤立扩散系统中的电流波动。虽然小的波动是由弱相关局部事件的总和引起的，但对于高于临界阈值的电流，系统会自组织成相干行波，通过在局部数据包中收集能量来促进电流偏差，从而打破平移不变性。这导致小波动的高斯统计，但高于临界电流的非高斯尾部。我们的观察结果与流体动力涨落理论的预测一致，强烈表明罕见事件通常与连贯的、自组织的模式相关，从而提高了它们的概率。
Phase transitions not allowed in equilibrium steady states may happen, however, at the fluctuating level. We observe for the first time this striking and general phenomenon measuring current fluctuations in an isolated diffusive system. While small fluctuations result from the sum of weakly correlated local events, for currents above a critical threshold the system self-organizes into a coherent traveling wave which facilitates the current deviation by gathering energy in a localized packet, thus breaking translation invariance. This results in Gaussian statistics for small fluctuations but non-Gaussian tails above the critical current. Our observations, which agree with predictions derived from hydrodynamic fluctuation theory, strongly suggest that rare events are generically associated with coherent, self-organized patterns which enhance their probability.