Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance
Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1704022114
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发表时间：
2017-10-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Whitham, Thomas G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gehring, Catherine A.;Sthultz, Christopher M.;Whitham, Thomas G.
已知植物遗传变异和土壤微生物分别影响植物对气候变化的反应，但这两个因素的相互作用在很大程度上是未知的。使用长期的观察研究，在该领域和共同的花园和温室实验的基础树种（美味松）和它的互利共生外生菌根真菌（EMF）的联营公司，我们表明，EMF社区组成是强大的植物遗传控制。幼苗获得其种子源树的EMF群落（耐旱与耐旱），即使暴露于来自替代树类型的接种物。在野外10年的干旱过程中，耐旱树木的生长速度提高了25%，死亡率是耐旱树木的三分之一，这些特征也在普通花园的幼苗中观察到。接种实验表明，EMF群落对耐旱性至关重要。耐旱和耐旱幼苗生长相似时，提供无菌EMF接种物，但耐旱幼苗生长25%以上，比耐旱幼苗在干燥条件下，每种幼苗类型发展其独特的EMF社区。考虑到世界各地的森林对未来预测的变暖和干旱条件的脆弱性，植物基因型和互惠电磁场群落的特定组合改善了干旱树木的生存和生长，这一证明尤为重要。
Plant genetic variation and soil microorganisms are individually known to influence plant responses to climate change, but the interactive effects of these two factors are largely unknown. Using long-term observational studies in the field and common garden and greenhouse experiments of a foundation tree species (Pinus edulis) and its mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) associates, we show that EMF community composition is under strong plant genetic control. Seedlings acquire the EMF community of their seed source trees (drought tolerant vs. drought intolerant), even when exposed to inoculum from the alternate tree type. Drought-tolerant trees had 25% higher growth and a third the mortality of drought-intolerant trees over the course of 10 y of drought in the wild, traits that were also observed in their seedlings in a common garden. Inoculation experiments show that EMF communities are critical to drought tolerance. Drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant seedlings grew similarly when provided sterile EMF inoculum, but drought-tolerant seedlings grew 25% larger than drought-intolerant seedlings under dry conditions when each seedling type developed its distinct EMF community. This demonstration that particular combinations of plant genotype and mutualistic EMF communities improve the survival and growth of trees with drought is especially important, given the vulnerability of forests around the world to the warming and drying conditions predicted for the future.