High-resolution depth profiling using a range-gated CMOS SPAD quanta image sensor
High-resolution depth profiling using a range-gated CMOS SPAD quanta image sensor
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DOI：
10.1364/oe.26.005541
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发表时间：
2018-03-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Buller, Gerald S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ren, Ximing;Connolly, Peter W. R.;Buller, Gerald S.
CMOS单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）量子图像传感器被用来重建深度和强度分布时，在范围选通模式与脉冲激光照明结合使用。通过将CMOS SPAD阵列设计为在预定时间门内获取光子，避免了对定时电路的需要，因此可以具有增强的填充因子（在这种情况下为61%）和帧速率（每秒100，000帧），这在使用时间相关单光子计数的SPAD阵列中更难以实现。当与适当的图像重建算法相结合时，通过与激光照射脉冲同步地迭代通过一系列时间延迟步骤来实现毫米分辨率的深度轮廓。对于具有高信噪比的光子数据，可以使用标准互相关方法来估计具有毫米级深度不确定性的深度图像。为了增强稀疏光子区域中深度和强度图像的估计，我们使用了一种基于定制聚类的图像恢复策略，考虑到光子数据的二项式统计和场景内的非局部空间相关性。对于总曝光时间为75 ms或更短的稀疏光子数据，定制算法可以在大约2米的间隔距离处重建具有毫米级深度不确定性的深度图像。我们展示了一种新的方法，使用不同的目标场景的单光子深度和强度轮廓，充分利用高填充因子，高帧速率和大阵列格式的距离选通CMOS SPAD阵列。(C)根据OSA开放获取出版协议的条款，2018年美国光学学会
A CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) quanta image sensor is used to reconstruct depth and intensity profiles when operating in a range-gated mode used in conjunction with pulsed laser illumination. By designing the CMOS SPAD array to acquire photons within a pre-determined temporal gate, the need for timing circuitry was avoided and it was therefore possible to have an enhanced fill factor (61% in this case) and a frame rate (100,000 frames per second) that is more difficult to achieve in a SPAD array which uses time-correlated single-photon counting. When coupled with appropriate image reconstruction algorithms, millimeter resolution depth profiles were achieved by iterating through a sequence of temporal delay steps in synchronization with laser illumination pulses. For photon data with high signal-to-noise ratios, depth images with millimeter scale depth uncertainty can be estimated using a standard cross-correlation approach. To enhance the estimation of depth and intensity images in the sparse photon regime, we used a bespoke clustering-based image restoration strategy, taking into account the binomial statistics of the photon data and non-local spatial correlations within the scene. For sparse photon data with total exposure times of 75 ms or less, the bespoke algorithm can reconstruct depth images with millimeter scale depth uncertainty at a stand-off distance of approximately 2 meters. We demonstrate a new approach to single-photon depth and intensity profiling using different target scenes, taking full advantage of the high fill-factor, high frame rate and large array format of this range-gated CMOS SPAD array. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement