The Evolving Functions of Autophagy in Ocular Health: A Double-edged Sword.
The Evolving Functions of Autophagy in Ocular Health: A Double-edged Sword.
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自噬在眼部健康中的不断演变的功能：一把双刃剑。
DOI：
10.7150/ijbs.16245
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Fan X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chai P;Ni H;Zhang H;Fan X
自噬在细胞生存、发育、分化和细胞内稳态中发挥适应性作用。自噬被认为是一种“自我蚕食”过程，在饥饿、化疗、感染、衰老和缺氧等压力下会活跃，以保护生物体免受各种刺激并再生材料和能量。然而，自噬也可能导致一种不同于细胞凋亡的程序性细胞死亡。自噬途径的组成部分在眼睛中以高水平表达，包括在角膜、晶状体、视网膜和眼眶中。此外，自噬的激活与年龄相关性黄斑变性（ARMD）、白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、青光眼、光感受器变性、眼肿瘤、眼部感染和甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）等眼部疾病的发生直接相关。高水平的自噬可以抵御外部压力；然而，正如在 ARMD 和 DR 等眼部疾病中所观察到的那样，过度自噬会导致病情恶化。本文综述了阐明自噬与眼部疾病之间关系以及自噬在这些疾病的发病机制和治疗中的潜在作用的最新进展。
Autophagy plays an adaptive role in cell survival, development, differentiation and intracellular homeostasis. Autophagy is recognized as a 'self-cannibalizing' process that is active during stresses such as starvation, chemotherapy, infection, ageing, and oxygen shortage to protect organisms from various irritants and to regenerate materials and energy. However, autophagy can also lead to a form of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis. Components of the autophagic pathway are constitutively expressed at a high level in the eye, including in the cornea, lens, retina, and orbit. In addition, the activation of autophagy is directly linked to the development of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), cataracts, diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, photoreceptor degeneration, ocular tumours, ocular infections and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). A high level of autophagy defends against external stress; however, excessive autophagy can result in deterioration, as observed in ocular diseases such as ARMD and DR. This review summarizes recent developments elucidating the relationship between autophagy and ocular diseases and the potential roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases.
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