Mindfulness for the Treatment of Depression
Mindfulness for the Treatment of Depression
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_7
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marchand, William R.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Marchand, William R.
近年来，以正念为基础的干预作为对包括抑郁性谱系障碍在内的多种内科和精神病学疾病的补充治疗策略，已经变得越来越流行。正念是一种练习，其中的目标是在当前时刻保持人们的注意力，而不是允许自动的思维模式和情感反应来驱动意识。正念练习的基础是冥想。冥想是练习者培养保持注意力集中的技能的过程。这项技能随后被用来在正式冥想和日常生活任务中练习正念意识。正念的主要心理机制被称为重悟。重新认识是一种视角的转变，这样一个人将思想和情绪视为短暂的、经常是无关紧要的现象，而不是代表事实。这种转变是保持专注于当下，观察思想和情绪起起伏伏的结果。从业者因此与自己的心理过程保持距离，思想和情绪都变得不那么强大和令人信服。神经成像研究表明，正念可诱导神经可塑性和回路的重新连接，因此大脑更有可能参与到每一时刻的意识中，而不是习惯性的思维模式和情绪反应。令人信服的证据表明，基于正念的干预具有抗抑郁的好处。特别是，两种干预措施，基于正念的压力减轻(MBSR)和基于正念的认知疗法(MBCT)，已经被广泛研究并被证明可以减少抑郁症状。非常有力的证据支持使用MBCT作为抑郁症谱系疾病的辅助干预。基于正念的干预很可能通过促进与抑郁相关的沉思和自我参照思维的脱离来影响抑郁症状。
In recent years, mindfulness-based interventions have become increasingly popular as complementary treatment strategies for a number of medical and psychiatric conditions including depressive spectrum disorders. Mindfulness is a practice in which the objective is to maintain ones attention in the present moment rather than allowing automatic thinking patterns and emotional responses to drive awareness. The foundation of a mindfulness practice is meditation. Meditation is the process by which practitioners develop the skill to keep attention focused. This skill is then utilized to practice mindful awareness both in formal meditation and during tasks of daily life.The main psychological mechanism of mindfulness is known as reperceiving. Reperceiving is a perspective shift such that one sees thoughts and emotions as passing and frequently insignificant phenomena rather than as representing fact. This shift comes about as a result of staying focused in the present moment and observing thoughts and emotions arise and pass. Practitioners thereby gain distance from their own mental processes such that both thoughts and emotions become less powerful and compelling. Neuroimaging studies indicate that mindfulness induces neuroplasticity and rewiring of circuitry, such that the brain is more likely to engage in moment-by-moment awareness than habitual thought patterns and emotional responses.Compelling evidence indicates that mindfulness-based interventions have antidepressant benefits. In particular, two interventions, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), have been extensively studied and shown to decrease depressive symptoms. Very strong evidence supports the use of MBCT as an adjunctive intervention for depressive spectrum illness.It is likely that mindfulness-based interventions impact depressive symptoms by facilitating disengagement from ruminative, self-referential thinking associated with depression.