Application of first arrival seismic tomography in a glaciated basin: implications for paleo-ice stream development

Application of first arrival seismic tomography in a glaciated basin: implications for paleo-ice stream development
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初至地震层析成像在冰川盆地中的应用:对古冰流发育的影响

DOI:
10.1017/jog.2022.72
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Moucha, Robert
Moucha, Robert
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zaremba, Nicholas J.;Scholz, Christopher A.;Moucha, Robert

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冰流是冰盖排水的地点,并与其他过程(如冰裂)一起对冰川消融速率和冰盖质量平衡产生影响。前冰期湖泊沉积物提供了冰盖消冰的记录,并有可能补充其他古气候记录。美国东北部的奥奈达湖包含一个厚的前冰川湖序列,埋藏着冰流的证据和劳伦泰德冰盖退缩期间形成的古裂冰边缘。之前的高分辨率数字高程模型从湖泊西北部的冰川地貌中识别出了奥奈达冰流。在这项研究中,我们利用多通道地震(MCS)反射数据集的地震折射来使用地震层析成像估计冰川沉积物的厚度。利用这种方法,我们将深度限制在古生代地层的顶部,特别是在反射数据结果不佳的地区,并在覆盖良好的地区验证我们的反射数据。我们证明,在长偏移地震数据可用的地方,首次到达层析成像方法在研究以前的冰川盆地是有用的。我们的研究确定了奥奈达湖约108 m厚的沉积剖面和可能较长的古气候记录,并确定了一个可能促进奥奈达冰流形成的古地形低。
Ice streams are sites of ice-sheet drainage and together with other processes, such as calving, have an impact on deglaciation rates and ice-sheet mass balance. Proglacial lake deposits provide records of ice-sheet deglaciation and have the potential to supplement other paleoclimate records. Oneida Lake, northeastern USA, contains a thick proglacial lake sequence that buries evidence of ice streaming and a paleo-calving margin that developed during retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Previous high-resolution digital elevation models identified the Oneida Ice Stream from glacial landforms northwest of the lake. In this study, we utilize seismic refractions from a multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection dataset to estimate the thickness of glacial deposits using seismic tomography. With this method we constrain the depth to top of Paleozoic strata, especially in areas where the reflection data yielded poor outcomes and validate our reflection data in regions of good coverage. We demonstrate that where long offset seismic data are available, the first-arrival tomography method is useful in studies of formerly glaciated basins. Our study identifies a ~108 m thick sedimentary section and potentially long paleoclimate record in Oneida Lake, and identifies a paleotopographic low that likely encouraged formation of the Oneida Ice Stream.
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