Scholars in Households: Refiguring the Learned Habitus, 1480–1550
Scholars in Households: Refiguring the Learned Habitus, 1480–1550
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家庭学者：重塑学习习惯，1480-1550
作者：
Gadi Algazi
争论 直到十五世纪，独身主义还是西北欧基督教学者的主流。独身是学者及其特定生活方式的编纂文化表征的一个主要元素，由特殊的制度安排和日常生活维持。因此，建立家庭意味着士人生活方式的重大重组。从广义上讲，这涉及重塑学术习惯（被理解为持久且可互换的社会倾向体系），重新定义社会关系，以及发展必要的物质基础设施。本文重点关注这一过程在不确定性和实验性时期的三个方面。它讨论了学者家庭的结构，认为至少到16世纪中叶，接受的模式仍然存在，而将家庭再生产与学术气质的传承联系起来的新的可行模式尚未具体化。然后转向家庭空间的重组，重点关注研究管理社会距离和调节家庭关系的不同用途。最后，在学术习惯的不同表现中，它认为学者的情感超脱本身就是一种习得的习惯。关于组织学者家庭和在学术环境中培养后天天性的竞争选择的详细讨论，提供了一个特殊的机会来审视群体习性的重塑方式，并探索这一过程中涉及的文化工作。
Argument Until the fifteenth century, celibacy was the rule among Christian scholars of northwestern Europe. Celibacy was a major element of the codified cultural representation of the scholar and his specific way of life, sustained by peculiar institutional arrangements and daily routines. Founding family households implied therefore a major reorganization of the scholar’s way of life. Broadly speaking, this involved refashioning the scholarly habitus (understood as a system of durable and transposable social dispositions), redefining social relations, and developing the necessary material infrastructure. The paper focuses on three aspects of this process during a period characterized by uncertainty and experimentation. It discusses the structure of scholars’ families, arguing that at least until the middle of the sixteenth century, received models still persisted, while new viable models for articulating family reproduction with the transmission of scholarly dispositions had not yet crystallized. It then turns to the reorganization of domestic space, focusing on the different uses of the study to manage social distance and regulate domestic relations. Finally, among the different manifestations of the scholarly habitus, it argues that the emotional detachment of learned men was itself a learned habit. The well-documented discussion of competing options for organizing scholars’ family households and cultivating an acquired nature in academic settings provides an exceptional occasion to examine the way a group habitus is reshaped and, explore the cultural work involved in this process.