Migration to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: Why place matters
Migration to the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: Why place matters
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DOI：
10.17730/humo.67.1.lvk2584002111374
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Carr, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr, David L.
大多数移民研究考察的是国际移民或城市化。然而，未得到充分研究的农村移民是环境保护和农村可持续发展的严重关切。尽管相对较少的移民定居在偏远的农村边境，但这些移民可能要为地球上大部分的热带森林砍伐负责。此外，就经济和人类发展而言，农村移民是世界上最贫困的人之一。虽然一些研究调查了边疆移民和边疆发展造成的森林砍伐，但本文探讨了热带森林砍伐和农业边疆贫困的必要先决条件：从原籍地区移民。这些数据来自2000年对危地马拉北电玛雅生物圈保护区(MBR)的16个市政当局(市政当局)的社区领导人和关键线人的调查。来自北电边境的移民社区之间的一个共同点是资源获取不平等，通常是土地。然而，推动资源稀缺的因素是多种多样的。土地退化、土地整理和人口增长在一些社区盛行，但在另一些社区却没有。尽管受到类似的社区和地区层面的推动因素的影响，但样本社区中的大多数人并没有移民，这表明任何一个因素或因素的组合不一定足以移民。
Most migration research examines international migration or urbanization. Yet understudied rural migrants are of critical concern for environmental conservation and rural sustainable development. Despite the fact that a relatively small number of all migrants settle remote rural frontiers, these are the agents responsible for perhaps most of the tropical deforestation on the planet. Further, rural migrants are among the most destitute people worldwide in terms of economic and human development. While some research has investigated deforestation resulting from frontier migration and frontier development, this article explores the necessary antecedent to tropical deforestation and poverty in agricultural frontiers: emigration from origin areas. The data come from a 2000 survey with community leaders and key informants in 16 municipios (municipalities) of migrant origin to the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), Peten, Guatemala. A common denominator among communities of migration origin to the Peten frontier was unequal resource access, usually land. Nevertheless, factors driving resource scarcity were widely variable. Land degradation, land consolidation, and population growth prevailed in some communities but not in others. Despite similar exposure to community and regional level push factors, most people in the sampled communities did not emigrate, suggesting that any one or combination of factors is not necessarily sufficient for emigration.