CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTITIES OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN HANOI
CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTITIES OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN HANOI
复制标题
河内城市和城郊家庭生活废水的特征和数量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Nguyen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Büsser;T. N. Pham;M. Antoine;V. Nguyen
越南家庭（HH）的废水流是厨房、浴室和洗衣房的灰水以及厕所的黑水。 Black-water is treated in in-house septic tanks.灰水直接排入排水系统。该研究包括文献综述和农户调查（河内市区有 21 个农户，莱舍村有 17 个农户，Lai Xa 是位于市中心以西 10 公里的城郊村庄）。莱舍市的磷、氮、COD 和总固体负荷通常低于河内市区的负荷。氨是一个例外，因为莱霞地下水中氨浓度很高。与国际经验相比，上述参数的负载相当低。洗衣活动产生的灰水流量占总灰水流量的 7% 至 21%，并且产生最高的 COD（30%）、TP（60%）和 TS（城市：27%，Lai Xa：38%）。淋雨灰水量最大，但仅占总 COD 负荷的 23%（河内）和 11%（Lai Xa）。这项研究表明，灰水对生活总污染负荷的贡献是显着的，就COD和TP而言，排放到环境中的负荷甚至可以超过50%。当前的卫生系统没有考虑到灰水未经处理就排放到环境中的事实。洗涤剂中禁用磷或化粪池灰水处理等措施可以显着减少对环境和公共健康的负面影响......
The wastewater flows in Vietnamese HHs (HH) are greywater from kitchen, bath, and laundry, and blackwater from toilet. Black-water is treated in in-house septic tanks. Greywater is discharged directly into the drainage system. The study consisted of a literature review and a HH survey (21 HHs in urban Hanoi and 17 HHs in Lai Xa, a peri -urban village at 10 km west from the city centre). Phosphorous, nitrogen, COD and total solids loads in Lai Xa are generally lower tllan the loads in urban Hanoi. One exception is ammonia due to high ammonia concentrations found in groundwater in Lai Xa. The loads of mentioned parameters are rather low compared to international experience. Laundry activities produce 7% 21% of the total greywater flow and are responsible for tlle highest loads of COD (30%), TP (60%) and TS (urban: 27%, Lai Xa: 38%). Showering greywater represents the highest volume but contributes only to 23% (Hanoi) and 11% (Lai Xa) of the total COD load. This study made clear tlmt tlle contribution of greywater to the total domestic pollution load is significant, and in the case of COD and TP the loads discharged into the environment can even exceed 50%. The cun'ent sanitation system does not take tImt fact into account, greywater being discharged without treatment into the environment. Measures such as phosphorous ban in detergents or greywater treatment in septic tank could significantly reduce negative impacts on environment and public health ....