Input and output characteristics of collision avoidance behavior in the frog Rana catesbeiana
Input and output characteristics of collision avoidance behavior in the frog Rana catesbeiana
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DOI：
10.1159/000073272
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Nakagawa, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yamamoto, K;Nakata, M;Nakagawa, H
牛蛙的避撞行为的输入和输出特性进行了研究，使用计算机图形学模拟一个迫在眉睫的刺激。以2 m/s或4 m/s的速度接近隐现视觉刺激时，回避行为的平均碰撞时间差异显著（t（141））= 7.93，p < 0.05）。另一方面，在两种情况下，触发回避行为的视觉刺激的平均阈值大小没有显著差异（t（（201））= 0.54，p > 0.05）。此外，我们发现，平均阈值大小以可预测的方式变化，这取决于显示的刺激和动物之间的距离。这些结果强烈地表明，当一个隐约可见的物体的视角达到一个恒定值（约20度）时，青蛙会表现出避碰行为。回避行为对两种视觉刺激的平均最大反应速度差异不显著（t（198）= 1.44，p > 0.05）。然而，我们发现，青蛙可以根据接近物体在其背侧视野中的位置来控制速度。最后，我们证明了习惯化显著影响回避行为发生的平均概率（方差分析，在2 m/s时，F-（2，F-15）= 14.25;在4 m/s时，F-（2，F-15）= 13.35，p < 0.05），但不包括碰撞时间、阈值大小和最大速度（ANOVA，在2 m/s时，分别为F-（2，F-13）= 0.07，F-（2，F-14）= 0.46和F-（2，F-14）= 0.70;在4 m/s时，分别为F-（2，F-15）= 0.50，F-（2，F-14）= 0.68和F-（2，F-14）= 0.41，p > 0.05）。因此，青蛙的避撞行为似乎具有一种全或全不相似的性质.版权所有（C）2003 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。
Input and output characteristics of collision avoidance behavior in the bullfrog were examined using computer graphics to model a looming stimulus. The means of time-to-collision of avoidance behavior in response to looming visual stimuli approaching at a velocity of either 2 or 4 m/s were significantly different ((t(141)) = 7.93, p < 0.05). On the other hand, mean threshold sizes of visual stimuli triggering avoidance behavior were not significantly different in either case (t((201)) = 0.54, p > 0.05). Furthermore, we showed that the mean threshold sizes changed in a predictable manner depending on the distance between the displayed stimulus and the animal. These results strongly suggest that the frog displays collision avoidance behavior when the visual angle of a looming object reaches a constant value ( about 20degrees). The mean maximum velocities of the avoidance behavior in response to the two visual stimuli were not significantly different (t((198)) = 1.44, p > 0.05). However, we found that the frog could control the velocity depending on the location of an approaching object in its dorsal visual field. Finally, we demonstrated that habituation significantly affected the mean probability of avoidance behavior occurrence (ANOVA, at 2 m/s, F-(2,F-15) = 14.25; at 4 m/s, F-(2,F-15) = 13.35, p < 0.05), but not those of time-to-collision, threshold size and maximum velocity (ANOVA, at 2 m/s, F-(2,F-13) = 0.07, F-(2,F-14) = 0.46 and F-(2,F-14) = 0.70, respectively; at 4 m/s, F-(2,F-15) = 0.50, F-(2,F-14) = 0.68 and F-(2,F-14) = 0.41, respectively, p > 0.05). Thus, frog collision avoidance behavior seems to have an all or none - like property. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.