Visual influences on the development and recovery of the vestibuloocular reflex in the chicken.
Visual influences on the development and recovery of the vestibuloocular reflex in the chicken.
复制标题
视觉对鸡前庭眼反射发育和恢复的影响。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1119
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuchs,AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goode,CT;Maney,DL;Rubel,EW;Fuchs,AF
每当头部转动时，前庭眼反射（VOR）产生补偿性眼球运动，以帮助稳定视网膜上视觉世界的图像。视觉世界在视网膜上的未补偿滑动导致VOR增益的逐渐变化，以使图像运动最小化。VOR增益在正常发育和神经元损伤恢复期间自然变化。在这里，我们问视觉滑动是否是必要的鸡VOR的发展（在其他物种），以及是否需要恢复后的VOR毛细胞损失和再生。在第一个实验中，鸡在频闪照明下饲养，这消除了视觉滑动。在不同的年龄水平和垂直的VORs（h-和vVORs）进行了测量，并与正常光照下饲养的鸡进行了比较。频闪饲养阻止了h-和vVORs的正常发育。闪光灯饲养8周后，暴露于正常光下3天导致VOR部分恢复，但未恢复到正常值。在第二个实验中，用链霉素处理1周龄的小鸡，链霉素破坏大多数前庭毛细胞并将hVOR增益降低至零。在鸟类中，前庭毛细胞再生，因此在正常照明下8周后，它们看起来正常，并且hVOR增益恢复到该年龄鸟类的正常值。在本研究中，经处理的鸟在正常或频闪照明下恢复。他们的hVOR和vVOR和前庭反射（VCR）进行了测量，并与未经处理的，年龄匹配的控制在8周posthatch，当毛细胞再生是已知的完成。在以前的研究中，在链霉素治疗后，VOR的增益立即下降到零。在正常光照下恢复8周后，hVOR正常，但vVOR增加低于正常。在频闪照明下恢复8周后，hVOR增益在所有频率下均低于正常。VCR恢复不受频闪环境的影响。当链霉素处理后，将恢复频闪的鸟置于正常光照下2天，hVOR增加恢复正常。综上所述，这些实验的结果表明，连续的视觉反馈可以调整VOR增益。然而，在缺乏适当的视觉刺激的情况下，无论年龄大小，鸟类都有一个默认的VOR增益和相位。因此，一只8周龄的鸡在一个频闪环境中从孵化将有相同的增益作为链霉素治疗的鸡，在频闪环境中恢复。
Whenever the head turns, the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) produces compensatory eye movements to help stabilize the image of the visual world on the retina. Uncompensated slip of the visual world across the retina results in a gradual change in VOR gain to minimize the image motion. VOR gain changes naturally during normal development and during recovery from neuronal damage. We ask here whether visual slip is necessary for the development of the chicken VOR (as in other species) and whether it is required for the recovery of the VOR after hair cell loss and regeneration. In the first experiment, chickens were reared under stroboscopic illumination, which eliminated visual slip. The horizontal and vertical VORs (h- and vVORs) were measured at different ages and compared with those of chickens reared in normal light. Strobe-rearing prevented the normal development of both h- and vVORs. After 8 wk of strobe-rearing, 3 days of exposure to normal light caused the VORs to recover partially but not to normal values. In the second experiment, 1-wk-old chicks were treated with streptomycin, which destroys most vestibular hair cells and reduces hVOR gain to zero. In birds, vestibular hair cells regenerate so that after 8 wk in normal illumination they appear normal and hVOR gain returns to values that are normal for birds of that age. The treated birds in this study recovered in either normal or stroboscopic illumination. Their hVOR and vVOR and vestibulocollic reflexes (VCR) were measured and compared with those of untreated, age-matched controls at 8 wk posthatch, when hair cell regeneration is known to be complete. As in previous studies, the gain of the VOR decreased immediately to zero after streptomycin treatment. After 8 wk of recovery under normal light, the hVOR was normal, but vVOR gain was less than normal. After 8 wk of recovery under stroboscopic illumination, hVOR gain was less than normal at all frequencies. VCR recovery was not affected by the strobe environment. When streptomycin-treated, strobe-recovered birds were then placed in normal light for 2 days, hVOR gain returned to normal. Taken together, the results of these experiments suggest that continuous visual feedback can adjust VOR gain. In the absence of appropriate visual stimuli, however, there is a default VOR gain and phase to which birds recover or revert, regardless of age. Thus an 8-wk-old chicken raised in a strobe environment from hatch would have the same gain as a streptomycin-treated chicken that recovers in a strobe environment.