Spatio‐temporal controls of snowmelt and runoff generation during rain‐on‐snow events in a mid‐latitude mountain catchment
Spatio‐temporal controls of snowmelt and runoff generation during rain‐on‐snow events in a mid‐latitude mountain catchment
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DOI：
10.1002/hyp.10460
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发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
J. Garvelmann;S. Pohl;M. Weiler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Garvelmann;S. Pohl;M. Weiler
在德国西南部黑森林地区一个40 km2的山地集水区，利用一个由30个独立积雪监测站组成的网络，研究了两次雨夹雪（ROS）过程中的积雪分布、融雪动力学和径流生成。一个多元线性回归分析，使用海拔，方面，和土地覆盖作为预测因子的雪水当量（SWE）分布在集水区内每小时的基础上，两个重要的ROS洪水事件发生在2012年12月。可用的融雪水，液态降水，以及总的保留存储的积雪被认为是为了估计潜在的水量可用于径流产生。这项研究提供了一个空间和时间分布的图片如何观察到的ROS洪水在集水区。很明显，积雪的保留能力是ROS过程中的一个关键机制。在第一次ROS事件期间，水从积雪中释放出来需要几个小时，而在第二次事件开始后1小时内超过了滞留储存。海拔是最重要的地形特征。朝南的地形比朝北的斜坡贡献了更多的径流水，与森林地区相比，开放地区产生的径流量仅略多。结果强调了融雪和液体降水对于活性氧期间洪水径流产生的重要性以及相关过程的巨大时空变异性。版权所有© 2015约翰威利父子有限公司
A network of 30 standalone snow monitoring stations was used to investigate the snow cover distribution, snowmelt dynamics, and runoff generation during two rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events in a 40 km2 montane catchment in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. A multiple linear regression analysis using elevation, aspect, and land cover as predictors for the snow water equivalent (SWE) distribution within the catchment was applied on an hourly basis for two significant ROS flood events that occurred in December 2012. The available snowmelt water, liquid precipitation, as well as the total retention storage of the snow cover were considered in order to estimate the amount of water potentially available for the runoff generation. The study provides a spatially and temporally distributed picture of how the two observed ROS floods developed in the catchment. It became evident that the retention capacity of the snow cover is a crucial mechanism during ROS. It took several hours before water was released from the snowpack during the first ROS event, while retention storage was exceeded within 1 h from the start of the second event. Elevation was the most important terrain feature. South‐facing terrain contributed more water for runoff than north‐facing slopes, and only slightly more runoff was generated at open compared to forested areas. The results highlight the importance of snowmelt together with liquid precipitation for the generation of flood runoff during ROS and the large temporal and spatial variability of the relevant processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.