Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma.
Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma.
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DOI：
10.1097/qad.0b013e328340fdaf
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发表时间：
2011-01-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goodenow MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gray RR;Salemi M;Lowe A;Nakamura KJ;Decker WD;Sinkala M;Kankasa C;Mulligan CJ;Thea DM;Kuhn L;Aldrovandi G;Goodenow MM
母乳中HIV-1的起源和进化尚不清楚，尽管该组织作为传播室的重要性一直存在。为了阐明病毒种群在瞬时粘膜间隔内的进化轨迹，对6例感染HIV-1 C亚型的妇女进行了横跨产后一年的血浆和母乳包膜gp120区的纵向序列分析。采用多种系统发育算法来阐明病毒种群在组织间的进化历史和空间结构。血浆和母乳之间病毒序列的总体持续混合表明，母乳不是一个独特的遗传病毒隔间。出乎意料的是，纵向系统发育显示出由长分支定义的多个谱系，其中包括来自母乳和血浆的病毒。在至少三名受试者中，血浆不太可能是最近共同祖先(MRCA)的解剖来源，而在其他女性中，分娩后病毒群体MRCA的时间来源发生在母乳产生开始之前很久。这些发现表明，在怀孕/哺乳期间，一种与血浆病毒不同的病毒变体最初在母乳中播撒种子，随后在血浆和母乳组织之间进行基因流动。这项研究表明，在自然感染过程中的主要免疫中断期间，可能会重新激活或重新引入不同的谱系。
The origin and evolution of HIV-1 in breast milk is unclear, despite the continuing significance of this tissue as a transmitting compartment. To elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of viral populations in a transient mucosal compartment, longitudinal sequences of the envelope gp120 region from plasma and breast milk spanning the first year after delivery were analyzed in six women infected by HIV-1 subtype C. Multiple phylogenetic algorithms were used to elucidate the evolutionary history and spatial structure of virus populations between tissues. Overall persistent mixing of viral sequences between plasma and breast milk indicated that breast milk is not a distinct genetic viral compartment. Unexpectedly, longitudinal phylogenies showed multiple lineages defined by long branches that included virus from both the breast milk and the plasma. Plasma was unlikely the anatomical origin of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in at least three of the subjects, while in other women, the temporal origin of the MRCA of the viral populations following delivery occurred well before the onset of breast milk production. These findings suggest that during pregnancy/lactation, a viral variant distinct from the plasma virus initially seeds the breast milk, followed by subsequent gene flow between the plasma and breast milk tissues. This study indicates the potential for reactivation or re-introduction of distinct lineages during major immunological disruptions during the course of natural infection.